Predominance of influenza virus A(H3N2) 3C.2a1b and A(H1N1)pdm09 6B.1A5A genetic subclades in the WHO European Region, 2018–2019

Melidou, Angeliki; Hungnes, Olav; Pereyaslov, Dmitriy; Adlhoch, Cornelia; Segaloff, Hannah E; Robesyn, Emmanuel; Penttinen, Pasi; Olsen, Sonja J.; Redlberger‐Fritz, Monika; Popow‐Kraupp, Therese; Hasibra, Iris; Simaku, Artan; Thomas, Isabelle; Barbezange, Cyril; Dedeić-Ljubović, Amela; Rodić-Vukmir, Nina; Korsun, Neli; Angenova, Svetla; Draženović, Vladimir; Koliou, Maria; Pieridou, Despo; Havlíčková, Martina; Nagy, Alexander; Trebbien, Ramona; Galiano, Mónica; Thompson, Catherine; Ikonen, Niina; Haveri, Anu; Behillil, Sylvie; Enouf, Vincent; Valette, Martine; Lina, Bruno; Gavashelidze, Mari; Machablishvili, Ann; Gioula, Georgia; Exindari, Maria; Kossyvakis, Athanasios; Mentis, Αndreas; Dürrwald, Ralf; Molnár, Zsolt; Rózsa, Mónika; Löve, Arthur; Erna, Guðrún; Dunford, Linda; Fitzpatrick, Sarah; Castrucci, Maria Rita; Puzelli, Simona; Sagymbay, Altynay; Nussupbayeva, Gaukhar; Zamjatina, Natālija; Pakarna, Gatis; Griskevicius, Algirdas; Skrickiene, Asta; Fournier, Guillaume; Mossong, Joël; Melillo, Jackie Maistre; Zahra, Graziella; Meijer, Adam; Fouchier, Ron A. M.; McCaughey, Conall; O’Doherty, Mark G.; Bragstad, Karoline; Guiomar, Raquel; Pechirra, Pedro; Apostol, M.; Alina, Druc; Lazăr, Mihaela; Maria, Cherciu Carmen; Komissarov, Andrey; Burtseva, Elena; Gunson, Rory; Shepherd, Samantha J.; Tichá, Elena; Staroňová, Edita; Prosenc, Katarina; Berginc, Nataša; Pozo, Francisco; Casas, Inmaculada; Brytting, Mia; Wiman, Åsa; Gonçalves, Ana Rita; Demchyshyna, Iryna; Mironenko, Alla; Moore, Catherine; Cottrell, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.031

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In our study, influenza A(H3N2) was the predominant strain during the influenza seasons 2016–2017 and 2018–2019, which is also in line with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and WHO European region reports [ 16 , 22 , 23 ]. Our SIVE estimates against influenza A(H3N2) are in line with other studies in hospitalized populations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…According to the WHO European Region virological influenza surveillance data, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 dominated during 2015–2016 and 2018–2019 influenza seasons [ 15 , 16 ], which was also found in our study. Antigenic and genetic data showed that regardless of the evolving influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses from their 2009 ancestor, during both seasons most of the circulating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were similar to the viruses included in the seasonal vaccines in the respective seasons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…However, around 30% of analyzed A(H3N2) viruses could not be assigned to an antigenic reporting category, which points out technical difficulties or antigenic substitution of the circulating strains and might be related to lower SIVE estimates. Moreover, during the influenza season 2018–2019, several genetic subclades of influenza A(H3N2) viruses circulated with confirmed genetic diversity [ 16 ] of which clade 3C.3a accounted for one-fifth of viruses and was considered as being antigenically distinct from the Northern Hemisphere vaccine strain A/Singapore/INFIMH-16–0019/2016 (H3N2)-like virus. Low influenza A(H3N2) SIVE estimates in our study could probably be explained by reported genetic and antigenic mismatch between circulating and the vaccine A(H3N2) strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-Specific Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness against Different Influenza Subtypes in the Hospitalized Population in Lithuania during the 2015–2019 Influenza Seasons

et al. 2021

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Background: Continuous monitoring of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (SIVE) is needed due to the changing nature of influenza viruses and it supports the decision on the annual update of vaccine composition. Age-specific SIVE was evaluated against different influenza subtypes in the hospitalized population in Lithuania during four influenza seasons. Methods: A test-negative case-control study design was used. SIVE and its 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated as (1 – odds ratio (OR)) × 100%. Results: Adjusted SIVE in 18–64-year-old individuals against influenza A, A(H1N1)pdm09 and B/Yamagata were 78.0% (95% CI: 1.7; 95.1%), 88.6% (95% CI: −47.4; 99.1%), and 76.8% (95% CI: −109.9; 97.4%), respectively. Adjusted SIVE in individuals aged 65 years and older against influenza A, influenza B, and B/Yamagata were 22.6% (95% CI: −36.5; 56.1%), 75.3% (95% CI: 12.2; 93.1%) and 73.1% (95% CI: 3.2; 92.5%), respectively. Unadjusted SIVE against influenza A(H3N2) among 18–64-year-old patients was 44.8% (95% CI: −171.0; 88.8%) and among those aged 65 years and older was 5.0% (95% CI: −74.5; 48.3%). Conclusions: Point estimates suggest high SIVE against influenza A in 18–64-year-old participants, and against influenza B and B/Yamagata in those 65 years old and older.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-Specific Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness against Different Influenza Subtypes in the Hospitalized Population in Lithuania during the 2015–2019 Influenza Seasons

et al. 2021

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“…Since then, 3C.2a1b was established, which has gained additional substitutions (either T131K or T135K with T128A) in HA1 and these changes are located in the antigenic and the RBS region 7 . The 3C.2a1b virus was also reportedly the predominant subclade in Europe for 2017-2018 winter month 37 . Due to multiple clades/subclades circulation, our study found the mismatch of the 2019 southern hemisphere vaccine (A/Switzerland/8060/2017 (subclade 3C.2a2)) and circulating strains in 2019 (3C.2a1b + T131K ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This was why B/Brisbane/02/2018 (subclade 6B.1A1) was chosen for the 2020 flu season 22 . From 2019 onward, the majority of the A(H1N1)pdm09 Thai strains was 6B.1A5A, which was the predominant subclade in the 2018-2019 influenza season in Europe 37 . Several studies of vaccine estimates among all ages in 2018-2019 influenza season revealed that the predominant newly subclade was associated with a relatively low VE (A/Michigan/45/2015) against influenza A(H1N1) pdm09, which found in Europe (40-71%), USA( 30-58%), Canada (72%) [38][39][40] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing genetic and antigenic divergence from vaccine strain of influenza A and B viruses circulating in Thailand, 2017–2020

Suntronwong

Klinfueng

Korkong

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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We monitored the circulating strains and genetic variation among seasonal influenza A and B viruses in Thailand between July 2017 and March 2020. The hemagglutinin gene was amplified and sequenced. We identified amino acid (AA) changes and computed antigenic relatedness using the Pepitope model. Phylogenetic analyses revealed multiple clades/subclades of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) were circulating simultaneously and evolved away from their vaccine strain, but not the influenza B virus. The predominant circulating strains of A(H1N1)pdm09 belonged to 6B.1A1 (2017–2018) and 6B.1A5 (2019–2020) with additional AA substitutions. Clade 3C.2a1b and 3C.2a2 viruses co-circulated in A(H3N2) and clade 3C.3a virus was found in 2020. The B/Victoria-like lineage predominated since 2019 with an additional three AA deletions. Antigenic drift was dominantly facilitated at epitopes Sa and Sb of A(H1N1)pdm09, epitopes A, B, D and E of A(H3N2), and the 120 loop and 190 helix of influenza B virus. Moderate computed antigenic relatedness was observed in A(H1N1)pdm09. The computed antigenic relatedness of A(H3N2) indicated a significant decline in 2019 (9.17%) and 2020 (− 18.94%) whereas the circulating influenza B virus was antigenically similar (94.81%) with its vaccine strain. Our findings offer insights into the genetic divergence from vaccine strains, which could aid vaccine updating.

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Bibliometric analysis of publication trends and topics of influenza‐related encephalopathy from 2000 to 2022

Zhang,

Tan,

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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BackgroundInfluenza‐related encephalopathy is a rapidly progressive encephalopathy that usually presents during the early phase of influenza infection and primarily manifests as central nervous system dysfunction. This study aimed to analyze the current research status and hotspots of influenza‐related encephalopathy since 2000 through bibliometrics analysis.MethodsThe Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) was used to extract global papers on influenza‐related encephalopathy from 2000 to 2022. Meanwhile, the VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were used for data processing and result visualization.ResultsA total of 561 published articles were included in the study. Japan was the country that published the most articles, with 205 articles, followed by the United States and China. Okayama University and Tokyo Medical University published the most articles, followed by Nagoya University, Tokyo University, and Juntendo University. Based on the analysis of keywords, four clusters with different research directions were identified: “Prevalence of H1N1 virus and the occurrence of neurological complications in different age groups,” “mechanism of brain and central nervous system response after influenza virus infection,” “various acute encephalopathy” and “diagnostic indicators of influenza‐related encephalopathy.”ConclusionsThe research progress, hotspots, and frontiers on influenza‐related encephalopathy after 2000 were described through the visualization of bibliometrics. The findings will lay the groundwork for future studies and provide a reference for influenza‐related encephalopathy. Research on influenza‐related encephalopathy is basically at a stable stage, and the number of research results is related to outbreaks of the influenza virus.

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Predominance of influenza virus A(H3N2) 3C.2a1b and A(H1N1)pdm09 6B.1A5A genetic subclades in the WHO European Region, 2018–2019

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Age-Specific Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness against Different Influenza Subtypes in the Hospitalized Population in Lithuania during the 2015–2019 Influenza Seasons

Age-Specific Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness against Different Influenza Subtypes in the Hospitalized Population in Lithuania during the 2015–2019 Influenza Seasons

Characterizing genetic and antigenic divergence from vaccine strain of influenza A and B viruses circulating in Thailand, 2017–2020

Bibliometric analysis of publication trends and topics of influenza‐related encephalopathy from 2000 to 2022

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