Predisposition to reinfection by intestinal helminths after chemotherapy in South Thailand

Upatham, E. S.; Viyanant, Vithoon; Brockelman, Warren Y.; Kurathong, S; Ardsungnoen, P.; Chindaphol, U.

doi:10.1016/0020-7519(92)90130-d

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The pooled estimates of the risk ratios of STH reinfection between subgroups are summarized in Table 2. Overall, males had a significantly lower risk of A. lumbricoides reinfection ( P <0.001), and those with heavy intensity pretreatment infection with hookworm predisposed to re-acquiring high numbers of worm after therapy ( P = 0.04) [63].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil-Transmitted Helminth Reinfection after Drug Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2012

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BackgroundSoil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections (i.e., Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura) affect more than a billion people. Preventive chemotherapy (i.e., repeated administration of anthelmintic drugs to at-risk populations), is the mainstay of control. This strategy, however, does not prevent reinfection. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess patterns and dynamics of STH reinfection after drug treatment.MethodologyWe systematically searched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Google Scholar. Information on study year, country, sample size, age of participants, diagnostic method, drug administration strategy, prevalence and intensity of infection pre- and posttreatment, cure and egg reduction rate, evaluation period posttreatment, and adherence was extracted. Pooled risk ratios from random-effects models were used to assess the risk of STH reinfection after treatment. Our protocol is available on PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42011001678.Principal FindingsFrom 154 studies identified, 51 were included and 24 provided STH infection rates pre- and posttreatment, whereas 42 reported determinants of predisposition to reinfection. At 3, 6, and 12 months posttreatment, A. lumbricoides prevalence reached 26% (95% confidence interval (CI): 16–43%), 68% (95% CI: 60–76%) and 94% (95% CI: 88–100%) of pretreatment levels, respectively. For T. trichiura, respective reinfection prevalence were 36% (95% CI: 28–47%), 67% (95% CI: 42–100%), and 82% (95% CI: 62–100%), and for hookworm, 30% (95% CI: 26–34%), 55% (95% CI: 34–87%), and 57% (95% CI: 49–67%). Prevalence and intensity of reinfection were positively correlated with pretreatment infection status.ConclusionSTH reinfections occur rapidly after treatment, particularly for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. Hence, there is a need for frequent anthelmintic drug administrations to maximize the benefit of preventive chemotherapy. Integrated control approaches emphasizing health education and environmental sanitation are needed to interrupt transmission of STH.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil-Transmitted Helminth Reinfection after Drug Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2012

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“…The association between the number of children aged 2-5 years or 6-14 years living in the household and parasite infection may have occurred because children less than 15 years old constitute the age group that is most frequently infected by Ascaris and Trichuris (Bundy et al 1987, Reinthaler et al 1988, Hasegawa et al 1992, Upatham et al 1992, Mangali et al 1994. The association of A. lumbricoides with diarrhea could be due to general uncleanliness within the household, or other confounders not controlled for, since (Genta 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and intensity of infections of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura and associated socio-demographic variables in four rural Honduran communities

DeKaminsky

Niwas

et al. 2001

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…Most people acquire the infection by eating raw, fermented or improperly cooked freshwater cyprinoid fish, in traditionally prepared meals (Tesana et al, 1986;WHO, 1995). Those infected develop chronic hepato-biliary and gall-bladder diseases, often with fatigue and pain in the right-upper quadrant of the abdomen (Upatham et al, 1982(Upatham et al, , 1984. The fluke is significantly linked with cholangiocarcinoma, and the incidence of this cancer reaches its highest level in northeastern Thailand, where O. viverrini is particularly common (Vatanasapt et al, 1990;Sriamporn et al, 2004).…”

Section: Human Infection With the Trematodementioning

confidence: 97%

The ELISA-based detection of anti-Opisthorchis viverriniIgG and IgG₄in samples of human urine and serum from an endemic area of north–eastern Thailand

Tesana

Srisawangwong

Sithithaworn

et al. 2007

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology

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The levels of correlation between the number of Opisthorchis viverrini eggs excreted in the faeces and levels of anti-Opisthorchis IgG and IgG(4) in the serum and urine (as indicated by absorbances in ELISA) have recently been evaluated in north-eastern Thailand. The 225 subjects investigated in detail, all of whom came from an endemic village in Chaiyaphum province, were selected on the basis of the numbers of O. viverrini eggs that they were excreting. ELISA based on a crude antigen extract of the trematode were then used to determine the levels of specific IgG and IgG(4) in serum and urine samples. Compared with the egg-negative, the villagers who were found to be egg-positive for O. viverrini had significantly higher levels of specific IgG in their urine and serum and significantly higher levels of specific IgG(4) in their serum. The serum levels of specific IgG and IgG(4) and the urine levels of specific IgG all correlated with the numbers of O. viverrini eggs/g faeces [with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.251, 0.121 and 0.142, respectively]. Although the serum levels of IgG were positively correlated with the urine levels of IgG (r=0.098), there was no significant relationship between the serum and urine levels of specific IgG(4) (r=0.051). When the 225 subjects investigated in the ELISA were divided according to whether they had no detectable Opisthorchis eggs in their faeces (N=57), or 1-100 (N=154), 101-1000 (N=5), 1001-1500 (N=5) or >1501 (N=4) eggs/g faeces, the serum and urine levels of specific IgG and the serum (but not urine) levels of specific IgG4 were also found to correlate significantly with the infection-intensity categories (with r-values of 0.550, 0.146 and 0.578, respectively). When the results of the faecal examinations were treated as the 'gold standard', the ELISA for the detection of (Opisthorchis-specific) serum IgG, serum IgG(4), urine IgG and urine IgG(4) had sensitivities of 99.2%, 23.1%, 43.0% and 45.9% and specificities of 93.0%, 29.6%, 45.9% and 67.2%, respectively. Although the study was limited by the small number of subjects with intense infections, it appears worth investigating urine samples for subclasses of specific IgG other than IgG(4).

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Predisposition to reinfection by intestinal helminths after chemotherapy in South Thailand

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Soil-Transmitted Helminth Reinfection after Drug Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Soil-Transmitted Helminth Reinfection after Drug Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prevalence and intensity of infections of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura and associated socio-demographic variables in four rural Honduran communities

The ELISA-based detection of anti-Opisthorchis viverriniIgG and IgG₄in samples of human urine and serum from an endemic area of north–eastern Thailand

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Predisposition to reinfection by intestinal helminths after chemotherapy in South Thailand

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Soil-Transmitted Helminth Reinfection after Drug Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Soil-Transmitted Helminth Reinfection after Drug Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prevalence and intensity of infections of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura and associated socio-demographic variables in four rural Honduran communities

The ELISA-based detection of anti-Opisthorchis viverriniIgG and IgG4in samples of human urine and serum from an endemic area of north–eastern Thailand

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Resources

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The ELISA-based detection of anti-Opisthorchis viverriniIgG and IgG₄in samples of human urine and serum from an endemic area of north–eastern Thailand