Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Predictors of Middle School Children's After-school Physical Activity Participation

Psychosocial and environmental determinants of physical activity in elementary school children : implications for interventions to reduce childhood obesity.

“…Recently, physical activity enjoyment and attraction to physical activity have been used interchangeably (King, 2008). In fact, they are different terms.…”

“…Results indicated that attraction to physical activity and perceived physical competence were significantly correlated with physical activity levels, as recorded by pedometers, and parental encouragement was significantly correlated with attraction to physical activity, perceived physical competence and perceived self-worth. Another study in 158 American middle school students was conducted to explore the predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors related to after-school physical activity participation (King, 2008). The results showed that physical activity self-efficacy, attraction to physical activity, and access to sports equipment were the significant determinants of after-school physical activity.…”

“…Other kids have parents who don't get a lot of exercise) in the PAIS were found to be confusing for children, thus, the bipolar statements were changed to unipolar statements following King's suggestion (2008). In one study among 176 adolescents using unipolar statements, the Cronbach's alpha was .79 for the parental role modeling subscale, and .89 for the parental support subscale, indicating acceptable internal consistency (King, Ogletree, Fetro, Brown, & Partridge, 2011). When analyzing the scale, four items (some kids have parents that don't help them much with sports, don't take them to parks or playgrounds, don't encourage them to play outside, or don't like to do much physical activity) were reverse coded as 4 to 1.…”

“…Another study in 49 children and adolescents aged 11 to 14 years old found that the neighborhood safety subscale had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .62 (King, 2008). Moreover, items 1, 2, 3 and 4 had significant test-retest correlation coefficients of .35, .64, .43 and .42, respectively, indicating acceptable stability over time (King, 2008). was reverse scored before analysis.…”

“…Only a few studies have examined the mediators and moderators between the determinants of physical activity and physical activity (Bauman, Sallis, Dzewaltowski, & Owen, 2002). In addition, most studies testing the YPAP model used multiple regression models to examine the relationship between the determinants of physical activity and physical activity (King et al, 2011;Welk et al, 2003) or did not find an adequately fitted model (Wattanasit, 2009). Thus, more efforts are needed to further study the potential mediators and moderators to better understand the influencing mechanisms of the determinants on physical activity by using SEM.…”