Predisposing, Enabling, and Need Factors Associated with the Choice of Pharmacy Type in the US: Findings from the 2015/2016 National Consumer Survey on the Medication Experience and Pharmacists’ Roles

Abstract

Background: Knowing the type of pharmacy used by the patient is meaningful to the pharmacist. Previous studies have assessed different factors predicting the kind of pharmacy selection and reached inconsistent findings. Objectives: To identify patient and health-related factors associated with pharmacy type selection. Methods: The Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Service Use was used to organize the selection of patient characteristics and categorize them as predisposing, enabling, and need factors. The dependent variable was the type of pharmacy used. Logistic regression was used to predict the association between patient-related characteristics and the type of pharmacy used. Results: Older age respondents were less likely to use independent pharmacies (OR = 0.992) and more likely to use mail pharmacy services (OR = 1.026). Highly educated people showed higher use of chain and mail pharmacies (OR = 1.272, 1.185, respectively) and less tendency to use the independent, supermarket, and prescription-only pharmacy types. Men were less likely to use chain pharmacies (OR = 0.932) and more likely to use supermarket pharmacies than women. Patients who use Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services had higher odds of using independent and supermarket pharmacies (OR = 2.808, 1.689, respectively). Patients with a higher number of chronic diseases and experienced side effects of medications were more likely to use independent pharmacies (OR for number of disease = 1.097 and for side effects = 1.095). Conclusions: This study’s findings identify characteristics associated with selecting certain pharmacy settings and direct future research to include other predictors encompassing beliefs, attitudes, and other social factors.

Vaccine Promotion Strategies in Community Pharmacy Addressing Vulnerable Populations: a Scoping Review

“…Pharmacies tend to vaccinate individuals with a higher income 19,20 , higher education 20,21 and younger populations 14 . Other traits such as being immigrant 19,22 , having diabetes or hypertension 19 and having a high number of chronic diseases 21 meant individuals were more likely to obtain their vaccine in a physician's o ce. As de nitions of vulnerable populations are multiple and go beyond clinical condition factors, understanding what characteristics pharmacists perceive as vulnerable remains key.…”

“…18 Evidence on the characteristics of patients vaccinated in pharmacy settings suggest that pharmacies vaccinate more privileged population during in uenza mass campaigns. Pharmacies tend to vaccinate individuals with a higher income 19,20 , higher education 20,21 and younger populations 14 . Other traits such as being immigrant 19,22 , having diabetes or hypertension 19 and having a high number of chronic diseases 21 meant individuals were more likely to obtain their vaccine in a physician's o ce.…”

Vaccine promotion strategies in community pharmacy addressing vulnerable populations: a scoping review

“…Evidence on the characteristics of patients vaccinated in pharmacy settings suggests that pharmacies vaccinate a more privileged population during influenza mass campaigns. Pharmacies tend to vaccinate individuals with a higher income [ 23 , 24 ], higher education [ 24 , 25 ] and younger populations [ 14 ]. Other traits such as being immigrant [ 23 , 26 ], having diabetes or hypertension [ 23 ] and having a high number of chronic diseases [ 25 ] meant individuals were more likely to obtain their vaccine in a physician’s office.…”

“…Pharmacies tend to vaccinate individuals with a higher income [ 23 , 24 ], higher education [ 24 , 25 ] and younger populations [ 14 ]. Other traits such as being immigrant [ 23 , 26 ], having diabetes or hypertension [ 23 ] and having a high number of chronic diseases [ 25 ] meant individuals were more likely to obtain their vaccine in a physician’s office. As definitions of vulnerable populations are multiple and go beyond clinical condition factors, understanding what characteristics pharmacists perceive as vulnerable remains key.…”