Predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center at east and west Gojjam, northwest, Ethiopia, 2017

Abstract

Background Tuberculosis is a serious health risk, for people living with human immune deficiency virus worldwide, and the burden of TB/HIV infection is still high in Ethiopia in particular. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in East and West Gojjam, northwest, Ethiopia. Methods Institution based unmatched case-control study was employed to determine the predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in east and west Gojjam, Northwest, Ethiopia from March 7–April 15, 2017. Just about 552 participants were participated in the study (139 Cases and 413 controls). Cases were confirmed with active TB and infected with HIV, and controls were HIV positive adults with non-TB. All cases in each health facility who confirmed by acid-fast bacilli, culture and gene expert were considered as TB positive. However, controls were selected by using simple random sampling technique through the above diagnostic criteria and the data were collected with Face to face interview as well as patient medical record were utilized, and the quality of the data were assured, checked, coded, cleaned and entered in EPI-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for the analysis. Result Of the total sample (556), just about 552(99.2%) were participated in the study. 47.5% were females and 58.9% were rural dweller. Behavioral and modifiable biological risk factors: alcohol users (AOR = 2.33; 95%CI:1.34,4.07), BMI < 18.5 kg/ m2 (AOR = 3.03;95%CI:1.79,5.14), CD4 count ≤200 cells/μl (AOR = 2.34;95%CI:1.89,2.79) and between 201 and 499 cells/μl (AOR = 2.63; 95%CI: 1.01,6.84), bedridden and ambulatory (AOR = 3.3;95%CI:1.70,6.29 and AOR = 8.2;95%CI:4.34,15.64), respectively. TB history in the family (AOR = 3.00; 95%CI: 1.57, 5.74) were predictors for TB infection. Taking CPT (AOR = 0.36; 95%CI: 0.21, 0.62) and having early WHO clinical stage I or II (AOR = 0.34; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.56) had protective effect against TB infection. Conclusion From this study, it has been concluded that alcohol users, BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2 , CD4 count < 499 cells/μl, bedridden and ambulatory and TB history were predictors for TB-HIV co-infected adults. Strengthen screening more frequently, CPT Prophlaxysis and treated promptly important to reduce TB co-morbidity.

Active TB infection and its associated factors among HIV-1 infected patients at Jimma medical center, Southwest Ethiopia

“…Most of the HIV- infected patients in this study were in WHO clinical stage I and had a working functional class. Our finding is comparable with reports from Hawassa [ 10 ], Gondar [ 11 ], Debre Tabor [ 14 ], Debre Markos [ 13 ], and Gojjam [ 15 ]. Less than a quarter (23.0%) of the patients had CD4 cell counts of less than 200 cell/μL.…”

“…Less than a quarter (23.0%) of the patients had CD4 cell counts of less than 200 cell/μL. Comparable findings were reported from Yirgalem [ 7 ] and Gojjam [ 15 ]. However, relatively higher findings were reported from Gondar [ 11 ] and Debre Tabor [ 14 ], and Amhara region [ 9 ].…”

Effectiveness of a 6-Month Isoniazid on Prevention of Incident Tuberculosis Among People Living with HIV in Eritrea: A Retrospective Cohort Study

“…Other independent risk factors that affected TB morbidity in the study groups such as CD4 count less than 200 cells/µL, decreased level of adherence to ART, and history of malnutrition were more or less similar to findings of other studies reported elsewhere [ 9 , 37 ]. The first four risk factors, directly or indirectly, could make the person susceptible to TB by compromising the immune system, which indicates the importance of lifestyle changes that boost immunity.…”

“…Other independent risk factors that affected TB morbidity in the study groups such as CD4 count less than 200 cells/lL, decreased level of While computing these variables, we excluded children less than 16 years of age from the analysis (N = 6178) as they are not related to pediatric populations Fig. 4 Kaplan-Meier plot: estimating survival probability versus time without tuberculosis in the isoniazid exposed and unexposed groups using survival regression analysis model adherence to ART, and history of malnutrition were more or less similar to findings of other studies reported elsewhere [9,37]. The first four risk factors, directly or indirectly, could make the person susceptible to TB by compromising the immune system, which indicates the importance of lifestyle changes that boost immunity.…”

Bayesian Parametric Modeling of Time to Tuberculosis Co-Infection of HIV/AIDS Patients Under Antiretroviral Therapy Treatment at Jimma University Medical Center, Ethiopia

“…Majority of the study focused on prevalence and predictors of TB in HIV patients. In order to determine the important determinants of TB co-infection in HIV patients, most of the methodologies in the literature used logistic regression with outcome being the TB's viability through follow up time of HIV/AIDS patients taking ART treatment [12,14,17]. In logistic regression, our interest is to study how risk factors were associated with the presence or absence of a disease( or an event) without taking into account the effect of time [15].…”