Predictors of Treatment Outcomes among Pediatric Patients Hospitalized with Pneumonia in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background. Pneumonia remains the leading cause of hospitalization and mortality in young children in low- and middle-income countries. This study is aimed to assess predictors of treatment outcomes among pediatric patients hospitalized with pneumonia in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among pediatric patients admitted with pneumonia, considering patient medical charts recorded for a 1-year period from February 2017 to February 2018. The sample size was computed based on a single population proportion formula and giving a total sample size of 207. The systematic random sampling method was employed to select patient cards from the sampling frame. The data extraction format was used to extract any relevant information from patient chart. The processed data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 21). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the patients’ baseline characteristics and related information. The logistic regression model was fitted to determine factors associated with treatment outcomes. To identify predictors of poor treatment outcome, the level of significance was set at P < 0.05 . Results. From a total of 207 patient charts reviewed, more than half (55.6%) of the study participants were males. Majority of patients, 130 (62.8%), were in the age range of 1 month–11 months. Furthermore, 191 (92.3%) patients had good treatment outcome. Patients who treated with ceftriaxone + azithromycin were less likely to have poor treatment outcome compared with patients who were placed on crystalline penicillin (AOR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.01–0.83). On the contrary, patients who stayed ≥ 8 days were about 14.3 times more likely to have poor treatment outcome compared with patients who stayed ≤ 3 days (AOR = 14.3, 95% CI 1.35–151.1). Conclusion. Even though the study revealed good treatment outcome among the pediatric patients, particular consideration should be given to children in need of other interventions.

Treatment outcomes and its associated factors among pneumonia patients admitted to public hospitals in Harar, eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study

“… 33 But, the result was lower than studies done in England and Wales, 23 34 Malawi, 9 Ethiopia at Addis Ababa 18 and Ethiopia at Jimma, 21 in which the overall mortality rates were 24.4%, 14.6%, 18.5% and 20.2%, respectively. On the contrary, the finding was higher than studies done in Italy (7.3%), 35 Ethiopia at Addis Ababa (5.3%) 26 and Ethiopia at Nekemte referral hospital (5.85%). 25 This higher mortality rate might be due to the high burden of comorbid illnesses 21 accounting for relative susceptibility to respiratory infections 36 and high all-cause mortality in Harar.…”

“…This result was lower than studies done in Thailand (31.97%),19 Botswana (58.4%),24 Ethiopia at Nekemte referral hospital (30.6%),25 Ethiopia at Jimma (22.1%)21 and Ethiopia at Addis Ababa (35.5%) 18. Yet, higher than another study conducted at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (7.7%) 26. The attainment of a lower proportion of unfavourable treatment outcome might be related to the existence of a range of specialised healthcare professionals in the selected study area and being a referral or teaching hospital.…”

“… 18 Yet, higher than another study conducted at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (7.7%). 26 The attainment of a lower proportion of unfavourable treatment outcome might be related to the existence of a range of specialised healthcare professionals in the selected study area and being a referral or teaching hospital. In addition, the inclusion of all age groups, unlike other studies that primarily consider extreme age groups (ie, paediatric or elderly population).…”

In-hospital mortality and its predictors among adult stroke patients admitted in Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

“…Pneumonia: this is a severe form of acute respiratory infection known to affect the lung alveoli filled with fluid resulting from a decrease in the amount of oxygen and pain. 38,39…”

“…36,37 Pneumonia: this is a severe form of acute respiratory infection known to affect the lung alveoli filled with fluid resulting from a decrease in the amount of oxygen and pain. 38,39 ICP: it is defined as sustained ICP greater than 20 mm Hg for greater than 5-10 min in a patient who is not being stimulated. 40,41 Diabetes: it is the condition of fast plasma glucose ⩾7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or 2 h of plasma glucose ⩾11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) during an oral glucose tolerance test.…”