Predictors of transitions in firearm assault behavior among drug-using youth presenting to an urban emergency department

Goldstick, Jason E.; Carter, Patrick M.; Heinze, Justin E.; Walton, Maureen A.; Zimmerman, Marc A.; Cunningham, Rebecca M.

doi:10.1007/s10865-019-00021-8

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Of the observational studies, nine (20%) publications focused on psychiatric issues; specifically, they focused on lethal means counseling and access to firearms among patients presenting with suicidal ideation. 10 , 11 , 25 , 26 , 37 , 38 , 45 , 50 , 63 Twenty-four publications attempted to characterize firearm violence, studying the prevalence of firearm access (2%) 51 and injuries (15%), 24 , 27 , 41 , 44 , 48 , 57 , 68 behavioral risk factors for firearm violence (11%), 9 , 12 , 13 , 31 , 42 characteristics of patients presenting for firearm injuries (24%), 14 , 17 , 21 , 30 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 52 – 54 , 58 and the severity of firearm injuries (4%). 34 , 35 Two studies (4%) looked into developing screening tools to predict future risk of firearm violence, 22 , 31 and five (11%) assessed patient and provider attitudes toward asking about firearm access and safety in the ED.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review of Current Social Emergency Medicine Research

Shah

Porta

Leung

et al. 2021

WestJEM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Social emergency medicine (EM) is an emerging field that examines the intersection of emergency care and social factors that influence health outcomes. We conducted a scoping review to explore the breadth and content of existing research pertaining to social EM to identify potential areas where future social EM research efforts should be directed. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive PubMed search using Medical Subject Heading terms and phrases pertaining to social EM topic areas (e.g., “homelessness,” “housing instability”) based on previously published expert consensus. For searches that yielded fewer than 100 total publications, we used the PubMed “similar publications” tool to expand the search and ensure no relevant publications were missed. Studies were independently abstracted by two investigators and classified as relevant if they were conducted in US or Canadian emergency departments (ED). We classified relevant publications by study design type (observational or interventional research, systematic review, or commentary), publication site, and year. Discrepancies in relevant publications or classification were reviewed by a third investigator. Results: Our search strategy yielded 1,571 publications, of which 590 (38%) were relevant to social EM; among relevant publications, 58 (10%) were interventional studies, 410 (69%) were observational studies, 26 (4%) were systematic reviews, and 96 (16%) were commentaries. The majority (68%) of studies were published between 2010–2020. Firearm research and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) health research in particular grew rapidly over the last five years. The human trafficking topic area had the highest percentage (21%) of interventional studies. A significant portion of publications -- as high as 42% in the firearm violence topic area – included observational data or interventions related to children or the pediatric ED. Areas with more search results often included many publications describing disparities known to predispose ED patients to adverse outcomes (e.g., socioeconomic or racial disparities), or the influence of social determinants on ED utilization. Conclusion: Social emergency medicine research has been growing over the past 10 years, although areas such as firearm violence and LGBTQ health have had more research activity than other topics. The field would benefit from a consensus-driven research agenda.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review of Current Social Emergency Medicine Research

Shah

Porta

Leung

et al. 2021

WestJEM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, authors entered all social support variables and covariates into the model, allowing each variable to have a unique coefficient per transition. Next, following a method employed by Goldstick and colleagues (Goldstick, Carter, et al, 2019;, the team individually tested whether each variable's effect on future PTS differed depending on the current PTS state with a series of likelihood ratio tests. Specifically, the team tested whether the No-PTS -> PTS adjusted hazard ratio for each variable included in the model (i.e., fourteen variables) was equivalent to the inverse of the adjusted hazard ratio from PTS -> No-PTS, which amounts to a test of whether the likelihood of being in the PTS state given the value of the specific variable differs depending on the current state (Goldstick, Carter, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, following a method employed by Goldstick and colleagues (Goldstick, Carter, et al, 2019;, the team individually tested whether each variable's effect on future PTS differed depending on the current PTS state with a series of likelihood ratio tests. Specifically, the team tested whether the No-PTS -> PTS adjusted hazard ratio for each variable included in the model (i.e., fourteen variables) was equivalent to the inverse of the adjusted hazard ratio from PTS -> No-PTS, which amounts to a test of whether the likelihood of being in the PTS state given the value of the specific variable differs depending on the current state (Goldstick, Carter, et al, 2019). Finally, the team constructed a final model, with covariate effects constrained to be state-invariant, except those that we found to have significant state-dependence in the prior step.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitions into and out of post-traumatic stress among children involved in the child welfare system

Sokol

Goldstick

Zimmerman

et al. 2020

Children and Youth Services Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Moreover, youth who never used a firearm were more likely to engage in firearm aggression within the next 24 months if they had higher levels of retaliatory attitudes (Goldstick et al, 2019). Alternatively, youth who have engaged in firearm aggression were more likely to engage in firearm aggression in the future if they endorsed higher levels of retaliatory attitudes (Goldstick et al, 2019). To better understand how retaliatory attitudes might be linked with violent behaviors, such as firearm aggression, researchers have applied social–cognitive theory (Crick & Dodge, 1994; Copeland-Linder et al, 2012).…”

Section: Exposure To Violence and Firearm Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retaliatory attitudes as mediator of exposure to violence and firearm aggression among youth: The protective role of organized activity involvement.

Lee¹,

Schmidt²,

Heinze³

et al. 2022

Developmental Psychology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Firearm injury is a significant public health concern among youth living in the United States. Youth with exposure to violence (ETV) are more susceptible to carrying and using a firearm. Few researchers, however, have examined psychological mechanisms undergirding the association between ETV and firearm aggression. Retaliatory attitudes have been discussed as a potential mediator linking ETV with firearm aggression. Moreover, organized activity participation may disrupt direct and indirect pathways connecting ETV to firearm aggression. We tested: (a) the mediating role of retaliatory attitudes in the ETV-firearm aggression link, and (b) the moderating role of organized activity participation among 570 youth with past year illicit drug use and seeking emerging department care in an urban emergency department (ages 14–24; 58.8% males). Using multigroup path analysis, ETV indirectly influenced firearm aggression through retaliatory attitudes for youth not involved organized activities. Organized activities also buffered the association between retaliatory attitudes (mediator) and firearm aggression (outcome). Organized activities may, therefore, prevent firearm aggression by reducing retaliatory attitudes among youth contending with ETV.

show abstract

Predictors of transitions in firearm assault behavior among drug-using youth presenting to an urban emergency department

Cited by 17 publications

References 57 publications

A Scoping Review of Current Social Emergency Medicine Research

A Scoping Review of Current Social Emergency Medicine Research

Transitions into and out of post-traumatic stress among children involved in the child welfare system

Retaliatory attitudes as mediator of exposure to violence and firearm aggression among youth: The protective role of organized activity involvement.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About