Predictors of substance use among Jimma University instructors, Southwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Use of substances such as alcohol, khat leaves (Catha edulis) and tobacco has become one of the rising major public health and socioeconomic problems worldwide and dramatically increased in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the predictors of substance use among Jimma University instructors. Method: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted in 2018 among Jimma University instructors. A two-stage cluster sampling procedure was employed to select study participants by their departments and data was collected using structured, self-administered questionnaire with severity assessed by the standardized fifth version of a diagnostic statistical manual of mental health criteria for substance use disorder. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of substance use. Variables with a P-value < 0.05 in the final fitting model were declared to be associated with the outcome variable. Results: A total of 330 instructors were involved in this study, with a response rate of 96.2%. About 225 of the respondents have ever used the substance in life (khat, alcohol, or cigarette or all) making the lifetime prevalence of substance use 68.2%. The lifetime prevalence of khat chewing, alcohol use, and smoking cigarette was 51.6, 81.3, and 17.3% respectively. The prevalence of substance uses disorder among users was 36.9%. Living with family (AOR = 0.220 [2.004-8.536] 95%CI), no family substance use history (AOR = 0.220 [0.098-0.495] 95% CI), friends substance use (AOR = 9.047 [4.645-17.620] 95% CI), Social norm favors substance use, (AOR = 1.123 [1.020-1.238] 95% CI), perceived benefit of substance use (AOR = 1.077 [1.008-1.151] 95% CI) were predictors of substance use. Conclusion: Perception toward substance, the influence of family and peer were associated with substance use. Therefore, designing a multifaceted approach directed to an individual, interpersonal and community-level intervention targeted to substance misperception and social norms contributing to substance use.

Prevalence of Substance Use in University Students, Ethiopia

“…Current User: An individual with at least one consumption history of the substance in the past 30 days. 44 Ever Use: those using any of the substances at least once in lifetime. 44 Illicit Drugs: Mood altering substances such as hashish, cocaine, cannabis, heroin, marijuana, and other substance whose production, sales, or use is legally prohibited.…”

“…44 Ever Use: those using any of the substances at least once in lifetime. 44 Illicit Drugs: Mood altering substances such as hashish, cocaine, cannabis, heroin, marijuana, and other substance whose production, sales, or use is legally prohibited. 14 Anxiety: Respondents with an overall score of 18 or more based on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A).…”

<p>Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Factors Among Jimma University Undergraduate Students</p>

“…6,7 More than 27 million, which is 0.6% of the world adult population currently believed to have alcohol and other drugs such as Khat (amphetamine-like local stimulant abused drug) and tobacco-related health problems. 8,9 The use of substances such as alcohol, chewing khat leaves, and smoking cigarettes have become one of the rising major public health and socio-economic problems worldwide 10,11 Alcohol use disorder was attributed to about 3.8% of all deaths (2.5 million) and about 4.5% of disabilityadjusted life years lost (DALYs) (69.4 million). 12,13 A study done in the US and Canadian showed a prevalence of lifetime and past-year alcohol use among university students to be 87% versus 81%, and 92% versus 86%, respectively.…”

Why are Youth Engaged in Substance Use? A Qualitative Study Exploring Substance Use and Risk Factors Among the Youth of Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia

“…This finding was similar to other studies conducted previously in the study area. [13][14][15] This substance was easily available, accessible, and affordable in the study area due to the majority of the local community's economic dependence on substance cultivation especially Khat was the main produced substance in the study area. So, to reduce the substance available in the study area the agricultural system of the community should replace by other crop products appropriated to the land failed.…”

“…The town has 17 kebele, with a total population of 205,163, of whom 102,007 are female 103,156 are male, and the total number of households is 42,742, according to the 2019 Jimma zone health bureau projection population report. Of the total population, around 40,539 (21%) are youth (aged [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The study was conducted from March-April 2019.…”