Predictors of substance abuse treatment entry for crime-involved, cocaine-dependent women

A Time-Varying Model of Risk for Predicting Recidivism Among Women Offenders Over 3 Years Following Their Release From Jail

“…This finding is consistent with a study involving participants in a boot camp intervention that found that having more children reduced the risk of recidivism among women (not specific to substance users; Benda, 2005). Other studies have shown that the presence of children is a protective factor among women offenders with substance use disorders in that it has been associated with higher levels of treatment motivation or participation (Grella & Rodriguez, 2011;Saum, Hiller, Leigey, Inciardi, & Surratt, 2007) and lower risk of substance use relapse following release (Saxena, Grella, & Messina, 2015). Yet, one study found that women who had received treatment for opioid use were less likely to be using heroin at a 3-year follow-up if they had children in their care at treatment intake, but were more likely to be using other substances, including alcohol and other opioids (Comiskey, 2013).…”

Continuing Care and Trauma in Women Offenders’ Substance Use, Psychiatric Status, and Self-Efficacy Outcomes

“…Some accounts suggest that the maternal role serves as a motivating factor for entering treatment (Enos, 2001; Saum, Hiller, Leigey, Inciardi, & Surratt, 2007) or sustaining recovery; other accounts emphasize that the presence of children may create barriers to entering and/or meeting treatment program demands because of limitations in child care and other logistical issues (Richie, 2001). A prior study of mothers in methadone treatment found that the number of children a woman had was inversely related to the number of treatment episodes (McMahon, Winkel, Suchman, & Luthar, 2002).…”

Gender differences in barriers to alcohol and other drug treatment in Cape Town, South Africa

“…Finally, our study did not examine two categories of variables that are strongly predictive of women's rather than men's non use of treatment services in other contexts: 1) concerns relating to dependent children (including access to child care whilst attending treatment and concerns around child custody) and 2) histories of victimisation. [10][11][12] These limitations highlight the need for further research on AOD treatment utilization among men and women in South Africa. Future research should include longitudinal prospective studies that track men and women with AOD problems over time and allow researchers to unpack the factors that precipitate AOD treatment utilization for each gender.…”

“…Studies conducted in the USA have identified several barriers to AOD treatment utilization that are specific to women (including childcare needs, the fear of losing child custody, a lack of information about how to get into treatment, concurrent mental health difficulties, economic barriers, being a victim of physical or sexual abuse, and stigma). [10][11][12] However, the extent to which these findings are applicable to the South African context is unknown. This is largely because AOD treatment services research in South Africa has not compared recipients of services with community-based samples of untreated persons.…”

“…13 The BHSU is widely used to examine health services use, including AOD services. [12][13][14] The BHSU suggests that health service use is partly a function of the separate and combined influence of predisposing factors, factors that enable or restrict health service use, and need variables. Predisposing characteristics, such as demographic and attitudinal-belief variables, exist within the individual prior to the onset of a particular health need and predispose a person to use services.…”