Predictors of self-perceived stigma in Parkinson's disease

Salazar, Robert D.; Weizenbaum, Emma; Ellis, Terry; Earhart, Gammon M.; Ford, Matthew P.; Dibble, Leland E.; Cronin‐Golomb, Alice

doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.09.028

Cited by 33 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, depression was strongly related to the score of felt SSCI. This finding was in accord with the work by Salazar et al who recognized that depression was a significant predictor in stigma and depression mediated the relation between stigma and activities of daily living (13). A British study shows that 46% of PD patients stopped working after 5 years of illness, and more than half of them chose to retire early, resulting in economic burden and psychological pressure of patients (22).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Meanwhile, invisible stigma is the realization of a self with PD, a form of disability, which attested to the mounting isolation (11). Recently, a few studies revealed that difficulties in activities of daily living, younger age, and higher depression scores were the significant predictors of stigma (13,14). However, relative studies are limited in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stigma and Associated Correlates of Elderly Patients With Parkinson's Disease

Hou¹,

Mao²,

Hou³

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: Stigmatizing experiences is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and appears to provide a negative contribution to the quality of life. Our aim of this study was to investigate the extent of stigma and its predictive factors in patients with PD from our hospital in Shanghai, China.Methods: In 276 individuals with PD (135 women and 141 men), stigma was measured by the 24-item Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI). Multivariate linear regression model was used to assess predictors of stigma including demographics (age and gender), disease duration, stage (Hoehn and Yahr Scale), motor function (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part 3, UPDRS-III), non-motor symptoms (Non-Motor Symptoms Scale, NMSS), cognitive level (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE), as well as anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, HAM-A) and depressive disorders (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HAM-D-24).Results: The total score of SSCI was 49.9 ± 14.3, and 48.5% of the patients checked “rarely” to “sometimes.” For the total sample, the full model accounted for 47.8% of the variance in stigma (P < 0.05). Higher UPDRS-III scores, longer course of disease, younger age, tremor-dominant subtype, and higher depression scores were significantly associated with stigma among individuals with PD.Conclusion: Our finding suggested a mild-to-moderate level of stigma in patients with PD. Tremor-dominant subtype, longer course of disease, younger age, severe motor symptoms, and depression are the predictors of stigma in PD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigma and Associated Correlates of Elderly Patients With Parkinson's Disease

Hou¹,

Mao²,

Hou³

et al. 2021

Front. Psychiatry

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“…In support of the idea that the spatial attentional bias is modulated by emotional states, we recall that patients with Parkinson's and individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder have pathological values at TAS-20, in fact being alexithymic (Salazar et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Behavioral Restriction Determines Left Attentional Bias: Preliminary Evidences From COVID-19 Lockdown

et al. 2021

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During the COVID-19 lockdown, individuals were forced to remain at home, hence severely limiting the interaction within environmental stimuli, reducing the cognitive load placed on spatial competences. The effects of the behavioral restriction on cognition have been little examined. The present study is aimed at analyzing the effects of lockdown on executive function prominently involved in adapting behavior to new environmental demands. We analyze non-verbal fluency abilities, as indirectly providing a measure of cognitive flexibility to react to spatial changes. Sixteen students (mean age 20.75; SD 1.34), evaluated before the start of the lockdown (T1) in a battery of psychological tasks exploring different cognitive domains, have been reassessed during lockdown (T2). The assessment included the modified Five-Point Test (m-FPT) to analyze non-verbal fluency abilities. At T2, the students were also administered the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). The restriction of behaviors following a lockdown determines increased non-verbal fluency, evidenced by the significant increase of the number of new drawings. We found worsened verbal span, while phonemic verbal fluency remained unchanged. Interestingly, we observed a significant tendency to use the left part of each box in the m-FPT correlated with TAS-20 and with the subscales that assess difficulty in describing and identifying feelings. Although our data were collected from a small sample, they evidence that the restriction of behaviors determines a leftward bias, suggesting a greater activation of the right hemisphere, intrinsically connected with the processing of non-verbal information and with the need to manage an emotional situation.

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“…Szymura Physical inactivity increases the risk of depression in both HOA and individuals with PD (Gustafsson et al, 2015;Lee et al, 2014), who, in general, have a higher risk of suffering from depression than HOA (Wu et al, 2017). Therefore, the reduction of depressive symptoms in both Disease-related stigma affects quality of life, increases the risk of depression, social isolation, and is common in PD (Hermanns, 2013;Ma et al, 2016;Salazar et al, 2019). Thus, felt (e.g., shame, embarrass-…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease‐inclusive exercise classes improve physical fitness and reduce depressive symptoms in individuals with and without Parkinson's disease—A feasibility study

et al. 2021

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Background and purpose:Exercise is an adjunctive treatment in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD), but barriers such as health status, fear of overexertion, and lack of transportation to the location prevent regular exercise participation. Diseaseinclusive exercise classes may offer an opportunity to make exercise more accessible for older adults with and without diseases. However, the efficacy of such heterogenous exercise classes is still widely unknown. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to analyze the feasibility of disease-inclusive exercise classes in older adults with and without PD. Methods: Twenty-one older adults (healthy older adults (HOA): n = 13; PD: n = 8) completed an 8-week multimodal exercise intervention in supervised group sessions. Exercise classes lasted 60 min with the goal of two participations a week. We assessed physical fitness (timed up and go test [TUG], 6-minute walking test [6MWT], single leg stance), depressive symptoms and cognitive functions, and we determined growth factors (BDNF & IGF-1) before and after the intervention to determine the effects and by that, the feasibility of a disease-inclusive exercise program. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to establish changes. Results: TUG and 6MWT improved significantly after the training in both HOA (p = .008; p < .001) and individuals with PD (p = .024; p < .001). Furthermore, individuals with PD increased single leg stance left (p = .003). HOA (p = .003) and individuals with PD (p = .001) decreased their depressive symptoms between pre-and post-test significantly. Whereas growth factors tended to improve, no differences in cognitive functions were revealed. Conclusion: Disease-inclusive multicomponent exercise improved physical functions and reduced depressive symptoms independent of health status. This should encourage exercise providers, researchers, and clinicians to further investigate This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Predictors of self-perceived stigma in Parkinson's disease

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Stigma and Associated Correlates of Elderly Patients With Parkinson's Disease

Stigma and Associated Correlates of Elderly Patients With Parkinson's Disease

Behavioral Restriction Determines Left Attentional Bias: Preliminary Evidences From COVID-19 Lockdown

Disease‐inclusive exercise classes improve physical fitness and reduce depressive symptoms in individuals with and without Parkinson's disease—A feasibility study

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