“…Likewise, Yu and Luo (2018) found the disposition optimism of 2,578 students in Guangdong, China to correlate positively with self-efficacy. Finally, self-efficacy, which relates to beliefs and judgements around individual students' ability to fulfil certain academic responsibilities and duties (Dorman et al, 2006;Fife et al, 2011), has been found to predict different dimensions of engagement Azila-Gbettor et al, 2021;Singh and Abdullah, 2020;S€ okmen, 2021;Zhen et al, 2017).…”