Predictors of Rape in the Central African Republic

Chapko, Michael K.; Somsé, Pierre; Kimball, Ann Marie; Hawkins, R; Massanga, M

doi:10.1080/073993399245971

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For example, Levine and Lee (2013) found that in Manchester (UK), female offenders, who committed violent crimes against others, traveled on average 1.90 km whereas male offenders traveled on average 2.30 km. Meanwhile, marital status appears to provide strong explanatory power for sexual crimes (Ciavaldini, 1999;Gravier, Mezzo, Abbiati, Spagnoli, & Waeny, 2010) and victimization (Chapko, Somse, Kimball, & Massanga, 1999;Newton Taylor, DeWit, & Gliksman, 1998). However, the question of the relation between marital status and distance traveled has hardly been investigated in the field of sexual delinquency.…”

Section: Factors Associated With the Journey To Sexual Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mobility Crime Triangle for Sexual Offenders and the Role of Individual and Environmental Factors

Chopin

Caneppele

2018

Sex Abuse

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This study—based on a national data set ( N = 1,447)—focuses on extrafamilial sexual assaults and their mobility. Spatial information about the offender’s house, the victim’s house, and the crime scene was combined in mobility crime triangles. The findings reveal that most of the assaults fall in the categories of total mobility (42.78%) and offender mobility (33.10%). Our results also show the validity of the distance decay function with over 50% of aggressions occurring within 3 km of the offender’s house. The analysis did not reveal the existence of buffer zones, probably due to the acquaintance between some of the offenders and their victims. The evidence suggests that environmental risk factors are more significant than individual ones when it comes to explaining the variation among mobility patterns in sexual assaults. Offenders appear to adapt their mobility patterns and modus operandi according to the environmental constraints. Often, offenders choose their own or their victim’s house as a safe environment for performed sexual assault.

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Section: Factors Associated With the Journey To Sexual Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mobility Crime Triangle for Sexual Offenders and the Role of Individual and Environmental Factors

Chopin

Caneppele

2018

Sex Abuse

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“…Reporting the results of ethnographic research on micro-credit programmes in Bangladesh, Schuler et al (1998) note that 'providing women with access to resources -loans -can in some cases reduce and in others cases exacerbate men's tendency to use violence against their wives ' (p. 153). In a study of predictors of rape in the Central African Republic, women in other professions outside of agriculture were at increased risk of rape (p=0•0002; Chapko et al, 1999). Nonetheless, these programmes may be the first step in challenging broader, structural factors that disempower women, such as cultural norms, which could have longer-term, broader effects.…”

Section: Mixedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status as a Risk Factor for Hiv Infection in Women in East, Central and Southern Africa: A Systematic Review

2004

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This is a critical, systematic review of the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and HIV infection in women in Southern, Central and Eastern Africa. In light of the interest in micro-credit programmes and other HIV prevention interventions structured to empower women through increasing women's access to funds and education, this review examines the epidemiological and public health literature, which ascertains the association between low SES using different measurements of SES and risk of HIV infection in women. Also, given the focus on structural violence and poverty as factors driving the HIV epidemic at a structural/ecological level, as advocated by Paul Farmer and others, this study examines the extent to which differences in SES between individuals in areas with generalized poverty affect risk for SES. Out of 71 studies retrieved, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria including 30 cross-sectional, one case-control and five prospective cohort or nested case-control studies. Thirty-five studies used at least one measurement of female's SES and fourteen also included a measurement of partner's SES. Studies used variables measuring educational level, household income and occupation or employment status at the individual and neighbourhood level to ascertain SES. Of the 36 studies, fifteen found no association between SES and HIV infection, twelve found an association between high SES and HIV infection, eight found an association between low SES and HIV infection and one was mixed. In interpreting these results, this review examines the role of potential confounders and effect modifiers such as history of STDs, number of partners, living in urban or rural areas and time and location of study in sub-Saharan Africa. It is argued that STDs and number of partners are on the causal pathway under investigation between HIV and SES and should not be adjusted as confounders in any analysis. In conclusion, it is argued that in low-income subSaharan Africans countries, where poverty is widespread, increasing access to resources for women may initially increase risk of HIV or have no effect on risk-taking behaviours. In some parts of Southern Africa where per capita 1 income is higher and within-country inequalities in wealth are greater, studies suggest that increasing SES may decrease risk. This review concludes that increased SES may have differential effects on married and unmarried women and further studies should use multiple measures of SES. Lastly, it is suggested that the partner's SES (measured by education or income/ employment) may be a stronger predictor of female HIV serostatus than measures of female SES.

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“…[8][9][10][11] In the Central African Republic, women with little education or from urban areas were more likely to report having been "raped" or "forced by a teacher" as their first sexual experience than women with better education or from rural areas. 12 According to one conceptual framework, children who lack safe, stable and nurturing relationships and environments are at greater risk. 13 Sexual violence in childhood has been associated with family composition factors such as living with fewer than two biological parents or with a stepfather.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%