Predictors of psychological adjustment after bereavement

Onrust, Simone; Cuijpers, Pim; Smit, Filip; Bohlmeijer, Ernst Thomas

doi:10.1017/s1041610206004248

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Consistent with these findings, we anticipate that low levels of emotional stability will characterize individuals in the chronic grief, chronic depression, and depressed-improved trajectories compared to the resilient trajectory. Age has also been shown to negatively predict outcomes following loss with younger people having more psychological problems (Parks & Weiss, 1983; Onrust et al, 2007). As such, we anticipate that individuals in the chronic grief trajectory will be significantly younger then individuals in the other trajectories.…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond normality in the study of bereavement: Heterogeneity in depression outcomes following loss in older adults

Galatzer‐Levy

Bonanno

2012

Social Science & Medicine

190

131

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Studies of individual differences in bereavement have revealed prototypical patterns of outcome. However, many of these studies were conducted prior to the advent of sophisticated contemporary data analytic techniques. For example, Bonanno, Wortman et al. (2002) used rudimentary categorization procedures to identify unique trajectories of depression symptomatology from approximately 3 years prior to 4 years following conjugal loss in a representative sample of older American adults. In the current study, we revisited these same data using Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) to derive trajectories and test predictors. LCGA is a technique well-suited for modeling empirically- and conceptually-derived heterogeneous longitudinal patterns while simultaneously modeling predictors of those longitudinal patterns. We uncovered four discrete trajectories similar in shape and proportion to the previous analyses: Resilience (characterized by little or no depression; 66.3%), Chronic Grief (characterized by depression following loss, alleviated by 4 years post-loss; 9.1%), _Pre-existing Chronic Depression (ongoing high pre- through post-loss depression; 14.5%), and Depressed-Improved (characterized by high pre-loss depression that decreases following loss; 10.1%). Using this analytic strategy, we were able to examine multiple hypotheses about bereavement simultaneously. Health, financial stress, and emotional stability emerged as strong predictors of variability in depression only for some trajectories, indicating that depression levels do not have a common etiology across all the bereaved. As such, we find that identifying distinct patterns informs both the course and etiology of depression in response to bereavement.

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Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One possible explanation may be the high non-normal level of variability observed in depression scores following loss (Onrust et al, 2007). This variability may not be unique to bereavement, but might instead be a characteristic of measured depression in non-clinical populations (Radloff, 1977).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond normality in the study of bereavement: Heterogeneity in depression outcomes following loss in older adults

Galatzer‐Levy

Bonanno

2012

Social Science & Medicine

190

131

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“…1,4–6,8–16 Estimated prevalence rates for complicated grief among bereaved spouses range from 10% to 20%. 6,8,9 Identified risk factors include childhood adversities (eg, abuse), 10 childhood separation anxiety, 11 insecure attachment styles and marital quality, 12–14 lack of preparedness for the death, 8,14 and demographic characteristics (eg, sex, race).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,15 Lack of social support has not consistently been shown to increase risk for complicated grief among elderly widows and widowers. 16,17 The prevalence and risk factors for complicated grief in other bereaved groups are less well studied partly because other types of loss are less common.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complicated Grief and Associated Risk Factors Among Parents Following a Child's Death in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Meert¹

2010

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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“…Men require intervention focused on social networks, and women require intervention focused on financial support. To do this, Individual effort is important, but political support by programs such as volunteer activities, job placement, peer visiting and so on is also required . We suggest that policy practitioners promote community programs that provide bereaved adults with easy access to meaningful social participation …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in depressive effects of experiencing spousal bereavement

Lee

Kim

Chun

et al. 2016

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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Aim Spousal death is a significant event that becomes a turning point in an individual's life. Widowed persons experience new circumstances, which might induce depression. However, the effects of spousal death on depression can differ by sex and culture. Thus, the present study examined the association between depressive levels and experience of spousal death in Korean adults aged older than 45 years. Methods The data were from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging from 2010 to 2012. The analysis used frequency analysis to compare the distribution of demographic variables between men and women, and anova to compare 10‐item short‐form Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale scores as the dependent variable among comparison groups. We also carried out linear mixed model analysis on the association between the 10‐item short‐form Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and experience of spousal death. Results Among 5481 respondents, 2735 were men and 2741 were women. The number of men and women who experienced spousal death were 43 (1.6%) and 181 (6.6%), respectively. Men had lower depressive levels than women when they had been married (men 2.99, women 3.64). Both men and women experiencing spousal death had significantly higher 10‐item short‐form Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale scores than married men and women (men β = 0.911, P = 0.003; women β = 0.512, P = 0.001; ref: no experience of spousal death). Conclusions There was a significant association between experience of spousal death and depressive level for both men and women. We suggest that policy practitioners promote community programs that provide bereaved adults with easy access to meaningful social participation and support the minimum cost of living of the widowed. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 322–329.

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Predictors of psychological adjustment after bereavement

Abstract: Background:The impact of spousal bereavement on mental health varies among the widowed. More information is needed on factors influencing bereavement outcome.

Cited by 40 publications

References 39 publications

Beyond normality in the study of bereavement: Heterogeneity in depression outcomes following loss in older adults

Beyond normality in the study of bereavement: Heterogeneity in depression outcomes following loss in older adults

Complicated Grief and Associated Risk Factors Among Parents Following a Child's Death in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Sex differences in depressive effects of experiencing spousal bereavement

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