Predictors of Preclinical Alzheimer Disease and Dementia

Galvin, James E.; Powlishta, Kimberly K.; Wilkins, Kenneth L.; McKeel, Daniel W.; Xiong, Chengjie; Grant, Elizabeth; Storandt, Martha; Morris, John C.

doi:10.1001/archneur.62.5.758

Cited by 177 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…one week), practice effects were also absent in a group of patients with MCI on a semantic fluency task (Cooper et al, 2004). Similarly, Galvin et al (2005) and others (Schrijnemaekers et al, 2006) have reported an absence of practice effects over much longer periods (i.e. 1-3 years) in those progressing from MCI to dementia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Short-term practice effects in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: implications for diagnosis and treatment

Duff

Beglinger

Heiden

et al. 2008

IPG

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Short-term practice effects in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: implications for diagnosis and treatment

Duff

Beglinger

Heiden

et al. 2008

IPG

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“…Chen et al (2005) longitudinally followed a group of people before any developed AD and found that the greatest prediagnosis decline observed in individuals who subsequently were diagnosed with AD was on a timed trail-making test involving planning and sequencing. Longitudinal performance on a composite of cognitive test scores by two men of similar age and education included in sample reported by Galvin et al (2005); one had AD at autopsy, the other had a normal brain.…”

Section: The Transition From Normal Aging To Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Deficits in the Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease

Storandt

2008

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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ABSTRACT-Evidence from longitudinal, experimental, and neuroimaging studies converge to indicate that psychological functions other than episodic memory are affected very early in the course of Alzheimer's disease and, indeed, may predate or influence the apparent memory deficits. Changes in personality and difficulty in executive function, especially in terms of attentional and inhibitory control, are especially prominent. Deficits in other types of memory (i.e., semantic memory, conditioning) can also be detected in the early stages of the disease. It is time to update existing diagnostic criteria for this form of dementia in terms of current knowledge of multiple and interacting brain systems.

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“…In contrast, several investigators failed to find treatment effects in reducing late-life AD or dementia, [21][22][23][24] which may reflect methodologic factors including variance in estimates of dementia prevalence, 25 and imprecision of clinical diagnoses in distinguishing among the various types of dementia. 25,26 Alternatively, overmedication may induce hypotension, which has been correlated with cognitive deficits in persons 80 years and older. 27,28 Interestingly, lower dementia risk has been reported in elderly subjects with persistent elevated BP, despite antihypertensive treatments, compared to normotensive subjects 29 and to controlled medicated hypertensive subjects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Less Alzheimer disease neuropathology in medicated hypertensive than nonhypertensive persons

Hoffman

Schmeidler²,

Lesser³

et al. 2009

Neurology

138

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Objective:To test the hypothesis that use of antihypertensive medication is associated with lower Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology. Methods:This was a postmortem study of 291 brains limited to those with normal neuropathology or with uncomplicated AD neuropathology (i.e., without other dementia-associated neuropathology) in persons with or without hypertension (HTN) who were and were not treated with antihypertensive medications. Neuritic plaque (NP) and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) densities, quantified in selected brain regions according to the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) neuropathologic criteria, with additional cortical NP counts, yielded 24 neuropathologic regional measures or summaries. Medicated hypertension (HTN-med; n ϭ 77), nonmedicated HTN (HTN-nomed; n ϭ 42), and non-HTN (no-HTN; n ϭ 172) groups were compared by analyses of variance. Results:The HTN-med group had significantly less neuropathology than the no-HTN group. The no-HTN group averaged over 50% higher mean NP and NFT ratings, and double the mean NP count, of the HTN-med group. The HTN-nomed group had significantly more neuropathology than the HTN-med group, but not significantly less than the no-HTN group. Conclusions:There was substantially less Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology in the medicated hypertension group than the nonhypertensive group, which may reflect a salutary effect of antihypertensive medication against AD-associated neuropathology. Neurology ® 2009;72:1720-1726 GLOSSARY AD ϭ Alzheimer disease; ANCOVA ϭ analysis of covariance; ANOVA ϭ analysis of variance; BB ϭ ␤-blockers; BMI ϭ body mass index; CCB ϭ calcium channel blockers; CDR ϭ Clinical Dementia Rating scale; CERAD ϭ Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease; DBP ϭ diastolic blood pressure; EC ϭ entorhinal cortex; HAAS ϭ Honolulu Asia Aging Study; Hipp ϭ hippocampus; HTN ϭ hypertension; IPL ϭ inferior parietal lobule; JHH ϭ Jewish Home and Hospital; MFG ϭ midfrontal gyrus; MSSM ϭ Mount Sinai School of Medicine; NFT ϭ neurofibrillary tangle; NH ϭ nursing homes; NP ϭ neuritic plaque; OC ϭ occipital calcarine cortex; OFG ϭ orbital frontal cortex; SBP ϭ systolic blood pressure; STG ϭ superior temporal gyrus.Hypertension has been associated with cognitive decline, dementia, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer disease (AD) in some studies 1-5 but not others. 6-9 Elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels, or both, have been reported decades before onset of AD symptoms. 4,[10][11][12] Elevated midlife SBP was associated with lower brain weight and increased neuritic plaque (NP) densities in neocortex and hippocampus (Hipp), and elevated DBP was associated with increased NFT densities in Hipp. 13 Additionally, elevated midlife SBP and DBP 14 were correlated with late-life hippocampal atrophy on MRI in untreated patients clinically diagnosed with AD.Antihypertensive treatments have been associated with lower incidence of clinically diagnosed AD and better cognitive functio...

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Predictors of Preclinical Alzheimer Disease and Dementia

Cited by 177 publications

References 31 publications

Short-term practice effects in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: implications for diagnosis and treatment

Short-term practice effects in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: implications for diagnosis and treatment

Cognitive Deficits in the Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease

Less Alzheimer disease neuropathology in medicated hypertensive than nonhypertensive persons

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