Predictors of Plasma Concentrations of Dde and PCBS in a Group of Us Women

Laden, Francine; Neas, Lucas M.; Spiegelman, Donna; Hankinson, Susan E.; Willett, Walter C.; Ireland, Karen; Wolff, Mary S.; Hunter, David J.

doi:10.1097/00001648-199807001-00020

Cited by 27 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…This dilution of OC levels via increased weight was reported by Herbstman et al (2007) analyzing 297 cord blood samples. An inverse association between p,p′-DDE and BMI was also observed in studies analyzing maternal blood or human milk (Laden et al, 1999;Sarcinelli et al, 2003;Schildkraut et al, 1999;Torres-Arreola et al, 1999). At the time of delivery, mothers were mostly about 6-8 h without consumption of food.…”

Section: Determinants Of Pollutant Levels In Cord Bloodmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Organochlorine and heavy metals in newborns: Results from the Flemish Environment and Health Survey (FLEHS 2002–2006)

Koppen

Hond

Nelen

et al. 2009

Environment International

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oTo collect regional information on internal levels of pollutants in humans in Flanders, 1196 mother-child pairs were systematically recruited in 2002-2003 via 25 maternities across Flanders. Cd, Pb, PCB congeners 118, 170, 138, 153 and 180, p,p′-DDE -a key metabolite of DDT-and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured in cord blood or plasma. Cd was detected in 64% of the samples (geometric mean 0.21 µg/L cord blood). p,p′-DDE (110 ng/g plasma lipids) and Pb (14.7 µg/L blood), were measurable in nearly all samples. The individual PCB congeners could be detected in 40 to 81% of the newborns (138 + 153 + 180 = 64.4 ng/g plasma lipids). HCB (18.9 ng/g plasma lipids) and dioxin-like compounds measured by DR-CALUX® (23 pg CALUX-TEQ/g lipids) were above detection limit in more than 75% of the samples. Age and smoking habits of the mothers, did not influence the cord blood Pb and Cd levels. The organochlorines increased 4 to 9% per year of the mother's age (partial R 2 = 0.05 to 0.22). Mothers had 2.6% less PCBs in cord blood (partial R 2 = 0.02) for each unit increase in pre-pregnancy BMI. Season of delivery, breastfeeding previous children or consumption of local dairy products, were minor determinants. Up to 20% of the variability in organochlorine concentrations was explained by residence area. It was concluded that the place of birth in Flanders is an important determinant of the load of pollutants measured at the start of life. This underlines the validity of human biomonitoring on (relatively) small geographical scale.

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Section: Determinants Of Pollutant Levels In Cord Bloodmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…As observed in other studies, one of the most important factors influencing the levels of OCs, was age of the mother (Bjerregaard and Hansen, 2000;Covaci et al, 2002;Huisman et al, 1995;Laden et al, 1999). Our cohort included women from 18 to 44, with an average of 29 years old.…”

Section: Determinants Of Pollutant Levels In Cord Bloodmentioning

confidence: 91%

Organochlorine and heavy metals in newborns: Results from the Flemish Environment and Health Survey (FLEHS 2002–2006)

Koppen

Hond

Nelen

et al. 2009

Environment International

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“…Methods utilized by the reviewed studies include packed column gas chromatography (PCGC ) ( Kodama and Ota, 1980;Jacobson et al, 1984;Rogan et al, 1986;Krauthacker, 1992, Czaja et al, 1998 ) and congener -specific or capillary column gas chromatography (CCGC ) ( Polishuk et al, 1977;Janousek et al, 1994;Schlebusch et al, 1994;Bosse et al, 1996;Dewailly et al, 1996;KoopmanEsseboom et al, 1996;Kostyniak et al, 1999;Kivirianta et al, 1998;Lanting et al, 1998a,b;Laden et al, 1999 Table 1. We numerically equated specific gravity with density since the maximum density of water, the reference substance, is 1 g/ ml (Diem, 1962 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Produced in the United States until 1977 (Laden et al, 1999 ), PCBs are highly resistant to degradation, persist in animal and environmental reservoirs, and ascend the food chain, depositing in human tissues. Research suggests that PCB exposure in utero or during infancy is associated with lowered birth weight and gestational age Taylor et al, 1984 ), intellectual impairment (Jacobson and Jacobson, 1996 ), and delayed development (Guo et al, 1994 ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCBs accumulate in adipose tissue, blood lipids, and breast milk, and evidence indicates that this class of xenobiotics travels with the lipid components of blood ( VLDL, LDL, HDL, and chylomicron remnants ) and likely gains access to the many tissue compartments of the human body by utilizing the lipoprotein lipase mechanism ( Spindler-Vomachka et al, 1984;Gallenberg and Vodicnik, 1987;Soues et al, 1989;Borlakoglu et al, 1990a,b;Laden et al, 1999 ). Differences in the lipid content of tissue compartments affect the distribution of PCBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PCB exposure in utero and via breast milk. A review

Dekoning

Karmaus

2000

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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A review of the literature was conducted to investigate the importance to offspring of in utero and breast milk polychlorinated biphenyl ( PCB ) exposure. All reports that we could identify ( n = 25 ) were included, representing 16 study populations. Tissue -specific PCB concentrations in human placenta, breast milk, maternal blood and cord blood were compared to determine accumulation ratios between tissue compartments. On a lipid basis, the highest concentration of PCB in placenta ( 5027 ng / g fat ) was 2.8 times higher than the highest concentration of PCB in breast milk ( 1770 ng / g fat ) . While there are limitations with regard to quantitation methods and statistical methods utilized by the reviewed studies, our results suggest that PCBs may be capable of crossing the placenta to a greater extent than previously believed. Future studies of PCB body burden in the perinatal period should include placenta, breast milk, maternal and cord blood specimens. In order to compare PCB concentrations in various tissues and with other studies, concentrations should be determined on a lipid basis.

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Plasma organochlorine levels and the risk of breast cancer: An extended follow-up in the Nurses' Health Study

Laden¹,

Hankinson²,

Wolff³

et al. 2001

Int. J. Cancer

100

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The environmental organochlorines 2,2‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl)1,1,1,trichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been implicated as potential causes of female breast cancer. We continued follow‐up of our 1997 case‐control study nested in the Nurses' Health Study cohort, adding 143 postmenopausal cases and controls to the original 238 pairs, and examining specific PCB congeners for the first time. We measured plasma levels of 2,2‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), the major metabolite of DDT, and PCBs prospectively, comparing women who were diagnosed with breast cancer between 1 month and 4 years after blood collection with control women in whom breast cancer did not develop. Median concentrations of lipid‐adjusted DDE, total PCBs, and PCB numbers 118, 138, 153 and 180, assessed individually, were similar among the cases and controls. The multivariate relative risk of breast cancer for women in the highest quintile of exposure as compared with women in the lowest quintile was 0.82 for DDE (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–1.37) and 0.84 for total PCBs (95% CI: 0.47–1.52), 0.69 for PCB 118 (95% CI: 0.39–1.22), 0.87 for PCB 138 (95% CI: 0.50–1.50), 0.83 for PCB 153 (95% CI: 0.47–1.48), and 0.98 for PCB 180 (95% CI: 0.55–1.75). Sub‐group analyses were also performed. Overall, our results do not support the hypothesis that exposure to DDT and PCBs increases the risk of breast cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Predictors of Plasma Concentrations of Dde and PCBS in a Group of Us Women

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Organochlorine and heavy metals in newborns: Results from the Flemish Environment and Health Survey (FLEHS 2002–2006)

Organochlorine and heavy metals in newborns: Results from the Flemish Environment and Health Survey (FLEHS 2002–2006)

PCB exposure in utero and via breast milk. A review

Plasma organochlorine levels and the risk of breast cancer: An extended follow-up in the Nurses' Health Study

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