Predictors of personal, perceived and self-stigma towards anxiety and depression

Abstract

Findings confirm the role of contact and knowledge in personal stigma for both disorders, consistent with previous findings. This finding also supports evidence that interventions addressing these factors are associated with a decline in personal stigma. However, lack of relationship between contact with, and knowledge of a mental illness and perceived and self-stigma for either depression or anxiety suggests that these factors may not play a major role in perceived or self-stigma. The identification of symptomatology as a key factor associated with self-stigma for both anxiety and depression is significant, and has implications for community-wide interventions aiming to increase help-seeking behaviour, as well as individual treatment strategies for clinicians. Further research should examine whether these relationships hold for groups with clinically diagnosed depression and anxiety disorders.

Patients with more comorbidities have better detection of chronic conditions, but poorer management and control: findings from six middle-income countries

“…Self-reported diagnosis of NCDs may be under-reported and symptom-based assessment of NCDs may not correlate with true medical status [13,44,45]. Additionally, stigma could be a reason for under-reporting of depression in MICs [32,46]. These limitations may have implications on under-estimations of associations in the study.…”

“…More comorbidities and increased frequency of healthcare visits were likely associated with a greater tendency for routinely taken blood pressure measurements to indicate hypertension, and for patients to selfreport "chest pains" and arthritis symptoms [27][28][29]. For other conditions such as CLD and depression that require non-routine checks and are less self-reported, they may still be undiagnosed despite more patients having more comorbidities and more frequent healthcare visits [30][31][32][33]. Our finding on more comorbidities being associated with decreased odds of untreated hypertension and angina was not consistent with the small amount of existing literature, which mostly showed that comorbidity was associated with increased odds of untreated conditions.…”

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“…Yet, it also seemed puzzling why students who participated had higher levels of stigma. One reason for this result could be that those who actively attended and participated in mental health awareness week events may selfreport high selfstigma because of experienced negative psychological feelings such as symptoms of depression (Busby Grant, Bruce, & Batterham, 2016). However, another study sug gested that selfstigma was significantly associated with decreased likeliness to engage in mental health related activities, seek psychological help, or seek counseling (Lannin et al, 2015).…”

Self-Stigma of Depression Scale SSDS – Evaluation der deutschen Skalenversion

“…Bisher wurden die Skala sowie die zugehörigen Subskalen nur einmal im Hinblick auf psychometrische Eigenschaften getestet [20]. Zwei weitere internationale Studi-en nutzten ebenfalls die SSDS, allerdings wurde hier nur auf die Gesamtskala Bezug genommen, und es lagen keine Informationen zu möglichen Subskalen des antizipierten Selbststigmas vor [26,27]. Auf dieser Basis fällt es schwer, neben der o. g. veränderten Antwortskalierung Ursachen für die mangelnde Replizierbarkeit zu nennen.…”

“…Möglicherweise handelt es sich um länderspezifische Differenzen. Zudem weisen die Studienpopulationen Unterschiede im Hinblick auf soziodemografische und erkrankungsbezogene Merkmale auf [20,26,27].…”