Predictors of nutritional status among participants in a rice irrigation scheme in Kenya

Mwadime, R. K. N.; Omwega, AM; Kielmann, N.; Korte, R.

doi:10.1080/03670244.1996.9991496

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The improvements in nutritional status described in this area are in disagreement with the results of several studies on populations working on rice irrigation schemens in Kenya (Niemeijer et al, 1988, Mwadime et al, 1996, but the agricultural development projects differed between Senegal and Kenya. The Kenyan schemes were large-scaled with farmers recruited outside the scheme and settled in a new area.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…The Kenyan schemes were large-scaled with farmers recruited outside the scheme and settled in a new area. Fields were far away from the compounds, so that mothers often left their children at home with a surrogate caretaker, and hygiene was poor (water was taken from irrigation canals and the prevalence of diarrhea was high; Mwadime et al, 1996). In the Senegal River valley, the population remained in their villages and the irrigated fields, formerly cultivated during flood recession, were not far away from the Downloaded by [University of Bath] at 03:29 05 November 2014 villages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Therefore, the diversity of production (subsistence crops in addition to cash crops) seemed important in maintaining satisfactory food consumption and nutrition. In another rice irrigation scheme in Kenya, the prevalence of preschool stunting in the scheme villages was considerably higher than among children living in a control area with traditional agriculture, located 5-10 km from the scheme (Mwadime et al, 1996). In the North Arcot district of India, technical improvement in rice production was followed by significant improvement in household food consumption of farmers over a ten-year period, from 1973to 1983(Pinstrup-Andersen and Jaramillo, 1989.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Nutritional status and irrigated rice cultivation in northern Senegal: A five‐year follow‐up

Simondon

Bénéfice

2001

Ecology of Food and Nutrition

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Nutritional status was monitored in a random sample of inhabitants of three villages in Northern Senegal where irrigated rice cultivation started in July 1989.In early 1990, weight and height were measured in children and adults. From 1990-1995, 290 preschool children, 175 mothers of the children and 99 men aged 20-60 years were followed longitudinally. The prevalence of wasting in children fell from 11.4% (95% confidence interval: 7.4-15.4%) in 1990 to 3.8% (1.5-6.0) in 1995, while the prevalence of stunting initially declined and then increased. Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (BMI < 185 kg/m 2 ) in men fell from 225% (14.6-30.4%) in 1990 to 6.6% (1.4-11.8%) in 1991 and thereafter increased to 13.0% in 1995, while no significant variations were found among women. The prevalence of overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m 2 ) increased significantly over time in both sexes. Individual annual weight gains of adults were significantly greater than zero from 1990 to 1991 (mean: 1.8 kg/yr) and from 1991 to 1992 (mean: 1.2 kg/yr), and close to zero thereafter. In conclusion, the onset of irrigated rice cultivation was followed by a decrease in the prevalences of wasting and chronic energy deficiency, but a causal relationship between the agricultural project and nutrition changes cannot be ascertained.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Nutritional status and irrigated rice cultivation in northern Senegal: A five‐year follow‐up

Simondon

Bénéfice

2001

Ecology of Food and Nutrition

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“…The high prevalence of malnutrition among children under five years living in the Mwea-Tebere rice irrigation scheme in Kenya as investigated by Korte et al (1969) in the 1960s was again reported in 1996 in this particular cohort (Mwadime et al, 1996). Irrigation projects often negatively impact the nutrition and health status of infants and preschool children within the scheme through such factors as overcrowding, poor sanitary conditions and low dietary diversity.…”

Section: Malnutrition-related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Investigation of the Dietary Intake and Health Status in East Africa in the 1960s: A Systematic Review of the HistoricOltersdorf Collection

Raschke

Oltersdorf²,

Elmadfa

et al. 2008

Ecology of Food and Nutrition

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Downloaded by [University of Arizona] at 01:26 11 June 2016 2 V. RASCHKE ET AL.We have recently reported on the myriad health benefits of traditional East African foods and food habits. However, this region continues to experience a nutrition transition whereby traditional, well-tried foods have been systematically replaced with the products of multinational corporations. The health-related impact has been devastating, as evidenced by current non-communicable disease (NCD) trends. The purpose of the present investigation was to review the historic Oltersdorf Collection (data collated by the Max-Planck Nutrition Research Unit, Bumbuli Tanzania from the 1930s to 1960s) to determine if adherence to traditional East African food habits was positively associated with health status indices in populations residing in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda during this period. The systematic review process resulted in six investigations being identified. Published between 1963 and 1969, these are likely the first investigations to provide original data pertaining to dietary intake/adequacy and health status indices within specific East African cohorts. Overall, the review revealed that many ethnic groups did not exhibit adequate dietary intake and did not consume a diversity of traditional whole foods representative of the wide spectrum of food choices available within the region at this time. NCDs such as obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes were not reported in any investigation. However, there was substantial reporting of malnutrition-related and infectious diseases, particularly among children. The present review supports the contention that the shift from a traditional, diversified diet to a simplified, monotonous diet may have occurred with the onset of cash-crop farming. For resolution of nutrition-related epidemics currently plaguing Africa, including NCDs and malnutrition-related diseases (i.e., the double burden) it is critically important to investigate and disseminate evidence related to the fundamental contributors to the nutrition transition.

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“…For example, in the Bura and Mwea irrigation schemes in Kenya, population densities of 223 people/km 2 and 320 people/km 2 have been reported, whereas the overall population density in Kenya is several-fold lower, namely 54 people/km 2 as of 2002. 7,8 To determine the population living in proximity to irrigation schemes in malaria-endemic areas, we retrieved data for each country on the percentage of the population living in malaria risk areas. The sources of these data are given in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Irrigation and Large Dams on the Burden of Malaria on a Global and Regional Scale

Keiser¹,

Castro²,

Maltese³

et al. 2005

Am J Trop Med Hyg

259

200

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Human-made ecologic transformations have occurred at an unprecedented rate over the past 50 years. Prominent among them are water resource development projects. An estimated 40,000 large dams and 800,000 small dams have been built, and 272 million hectares of land are currently under irrigation worldwide. The establishment and operation of water projects has had a history of facilitating a change in the frequency and transmission dynamics of malaria, but analyses of these environmental risk factors are sparse. Here, we present a comprehensive review of studies that assessed the impact of irrigation and dam building on malaria prevalence or incidence, stratified by the World Health Organization's (WHO) sub-regions of the world, and link these studies with the latest statistics on disability adjusted life years, irrigated agriculture, and large dams. We also present estimates of the population at risk due to proximity to irrigation schemes and large dam reservoirs. In WHO sub-regions 1 and 2, which have 87.9% of the current global malaria burden, only 9.4 million people are estimated to live near large dams and irrigation schemes. In contrast, the remaining sub-regions concentrate an estimated 15.3 million people near large dams and up to 845 million near irrigation sites, while here only 12.1% of the global malaria burden is concentrated. Whether an individual water project triggers an increase in malaria transmission depends on the contextual determinants of malaria, including the epidemiologic setting, socioeconomic factors, vector management, and health seeking behavior. We conclude that in unstable malaria endemic areas, integrated malaria control measures, coupled with sound water management, are mandatory to mitigate the current burden of malaria in locations near irrigation or dam sites.

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Predictors of nutritional status among participants in a rice irrigation scheme in Kenya

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Nutritional status and irrigated rice cultivation in northern Senegal: A five‐year follow‐up

Nutritional status and irrigated rice cultivation in northern Senegal: A five‐year follow‐up

Investigation of the Dietary Intake and Health Status in East Africa in the 1960s: A Systematic Review of the HistoricOltersdorf Collection

Effect of Irrigation and Large Dams on the Burden of Malaria on a Global and Regional Scale

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