Predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19–a systematic review

Abstract

Introduction In the current COVID-19 pandemic, disease diagnosis is essential for optimal management and timely isolation of infected cases in order to prevent further spread. The aim of this study was to systematically review the assessment of risk and model the predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods A systematic search was conducted of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. Variables associated with hospital mortality using bivariate analysis were included as potential independent predictors associated with mortality at the p <0.05levels. Results We included 114 studies accounting for 310,494 patients from various parts of the world. For the purpose of this analysis, we set a cutoff point of 10% for the mortality percentages. High mortality rates were defined as higher than 10% of confirmed positive cases and were given a score of two, while low mortality percentage (<10%) was assigned to the score of one. We then analyzed the associations between 72 variables and the observed mortality rates. These variables included a large range of related conditions such as demographics, signs and symptoms and related morbidities, vital signs, laboratory findings, imaging studies, underlying diseases, and the status of countries' income based on United Nation's classifications. Conclusion Findings suggest that older age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus conferred a significant increased risk of mortality among patients with COVID-19. In the multivariate analysis, only diabetes mellitus demonstrated an independent relationship with increased mortality. Further studies are needed to ascertain the relationship between possible risk factors with COVID-19 mortality.

Mortality and other outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease pneumonia admitted to the emergency department: A prospective observational Brazilian study

“…The LASSO multivariate analysis found age, number of comorbidities, extension of ground glass opacities on chest CT and troponin with a direct relationship with all-cause mortality, whereas dysgeusia, use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-ii receptor blocker and number of lymphocytes with an inverse relationship with all-cause mortality In different studies older age, hypertension, diabetes melitus, dyspnea, number of comorbidities, and laboratory parameters were associated to increased risk of mortality in patients with COVID-19 [ 28 , 29 ]. The symptoms at presentation in our study were not significantly different compared with those of other large studies [ 16 , 30 ], even considering that our patients had, on average, more severe disease.…”

Hypertension and COVID-19: Ongoing Controversies

“…Initial studies reported hypertension as an independent predictor of hospitalization, an advanced stage of pneumonia, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality in these patients ( 3 – 5 ). Later investigations raised the question whether hypertension would be a predictor of outcome in COVID-19 patients independently of diabetes, obesity, and other cardiovascular diseases ( 6 , 7 ). Furthermore, the majority of studies did not make any distinction between patients with chronic and new-onset of hypertension in COVID-19 patients, which could significantly impact final results.…”

Oral Hsp90 inhibitor, SNX-5422, attenuates SARS-CoV-2 replication and dampens inflammation in airway cells

“…As of February 9 th , 2021, there were more than 106 million confirmed infections and >2.3 million deaths, worldwide (WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard, 2020), making this ongoing disease the deadliest pandemic of the 21 st century. Clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection can range from asymptomatic (Nishiura et al, 2020) and mild upper airway symptoms to severe lower respiratory complications such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ system dysfunction (Huang et al, 2020a), leading to respiratory compromise (Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al, 2020) and death (Mehraeen et al, 2020).…”