Predictors of Mortality Among Children with Confirmed and Suspected Cases of COVID-19 in East Java, Indonesia

Efendi, Ferry; Haryanto, Joni; Has, Eka Mishbahatul Mar’ah; Makhfudli, Makhfudli; Indarwati, Retno; Kuswanto, Heri; Wahyuhadi, Joni; Al-Farabi, Makhyan Jibril; Ho, Ken Hok Man; Susanti, Ika Adelia

doi:10.2147/jmdh.s391917

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…To confirm the above-mentioned facts about the factors influencing mortality in children with COVID-19, Efendi et al (17) pointed to underlying diseases, such as heart disease, laboratory measurements, and clinical manifestations. In this regard, preventive measures and systematic management strategies are needed to improve outcomes in children with heart disease (20) and the extent to which markers are monitored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In this regard, Flaxman et al (5) in 2023 found 1 person per 100,000 across all age groups, about 4 children under 1 year, 0.6 in children from 1 to 4 years, 0.4 for children from 5 to 9 years, 0.5 for children from 10 years to 14 years, and 1.8 per 100,000 for children aged 15 -19 years. Efendi et al (17) reported that several factors, such as age, treatment, disease severity, and underlying medical conditions, had a significant effect on the mortality rate of children with COVID-19. In this way, it is possible that as age increases, the risk of dying from COVID-19 will decrease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacted Factors on Death in Children with COVID-19

Noori,

Yaghoubi,

Soleimani

et al. 2023

J Compr Ped

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Background: The majority of children affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are thought to be asymptomatic, with a lower mortality rate than adults. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with mortality in children with COVID-19. Methods: In this study, all patients were under 19 years of age, and their COVID-19 was confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Primary data were related to underlying diseases, clinical and laboratory information, mortality, or safe discharge. The recorded data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 18), taking into account the significance level of < 0.05. Results: Of the 183 children enrolled in the study, the mortality rate was 13.67%. The major risk factors for death were clinical manifestations involving central nervous system (CNS) diseases (P = 0.006), platelet (PLT) count (P = 0.020), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.001), alanine transaminase (ALT) (P = 0.033), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (P < 0.001), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (P < 0.001) as laboratory measurements, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) was the underlying disease with an odds ratio of 10.94. Conclusions: The study concluded that the factors associated with death were laboratory measures, such as CRP, ESR, hemoglobin, and liver enzymes, and potential diseases, such as cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacted Factors on Death in Children with COVID-19

Noori,

Yaghoubi,

Soleimani

et al. 2023

J Compr Ped

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“…In North America, mortality was higher in children younger than one year old and then in adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age [14]. In 2021 and 2022, another study in Java, Indonesia analyzed 6441 under 18-year-old patients positive for COVID-19 and reported 2.7% of deaths with other associated factors [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospitalization and Mortality in Children Due to COVID-19. A Single Center Retrospective Study from Brazil

Pereira de Godoy,

Bulgarelli Bestetti

2023

Preprint

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Background: COVID-19 is currently one of the most important medical challenges as it affects the entire population with children being infected as easily as adults. Objective: The study evaluated the mortality of under 17-year-olds and compare the frequency with that of adults in a cohort of 8986 COVID-19 positive patients hospitalized in a single care center. Design: retrospective clinical trial, all hospitalizations of COVID-19 positive patients as diagnosed by RT-qPCR were analyzed by revisiting their medical records. Setting: 8986 COVID-19 positive patients hospitalized in a Hospital de Base and the Infant and Maternal Hospital of São Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil (HB/HCM) being these totals of 383 COVID-19 positive under 17-patients. Patients: patients COVID-19 positive under 17-year-olds were grouped by age and evaluated by analyzing their medical records. They were categorized as Group I, children, and adolescents under 19 years old and Group II, adults over 19 years. Results: Overall mortality in under 19-year-olds was 12 deaths, that is, 3.13% of the patients in this age group and 0.55% of the overall mortality from COVID-19. Mortality in the group of adults was 2197 equivalent to 24.45% of the hospitalized adults and 99.45% of overall deaths. Mortality was significantly higher for adults than for under 19-year olds (p-value < 0.0001). Regarding the different ages of children and adolescents, the number of deaths of under 1-year olds was 2/123 (1.62%), of 1-4 years it was 4/95 (2.11%), of 5-9 years it was 1/47 (2.13%), of 10-14 years it was 1/40 (2.5%) and of 15-19 years it was 4/78 (5.13%). There were no statistical differences between the different age groups ( p-value = 0.3). Conclusion: Mortality from COVID-19 in children and adolescents was lower than in adults and generally associated with other comorbidities with the main association being with heart disease.

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“…The identification of predictors of COVID-19 severity in children is essential for improving clinical management and outcomes in this vulnerable population [6]. Several studies have evaluated predictors of severe COVID-19 in adults, including age, comorbidities, and biomarkers such as D-dimer and C-reactive protein [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of ICU Admission in Children with COVID-19: Analysis of a Large Mexican Population Dataset

Cárdenas-Rojas

Guzmán-Esquivel

Murillo-Zamora

2023

JCM

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Children, although mostly affected mildly or asymptomatically, have also developed severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to assess potential predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in a large population (n = 21,121) of children aged 0–9 years with laboratory-confirmed disease. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a publicly available dataset derived from the normative epidemiological surveillance of COVID-19 in Mexico. The primary binary outcome of interest was admission to the ICU due to respiratory failure. Results showed that immunosuppressed children and those with a personal history of cardiovascular disease had a higher likelihood of being admitted to the ICU, while increasing age and the pandemic duration were associated with a lower likelihood of admission. The study’s results have the potential to inform clinical decision-making and enhance management and outcomes for children affected by COVID-19 in Mexico.

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Predictors of Mortality Among Children with Confirmed and Suspected Cases of COVID-19 in East Java, Indonesia

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Impacted Factors on Death in Children with COVID-19

Impacted Factors on Death in Children with COVID-19

Hospitalization and Mortality in Children Due to COVID-19. A Single Center Retrospective Study from Brazil

Predictors of ICU Admission in Children with COVID-19: Analysis of a Large Mexican Population Dataset

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