Predictors of malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests’ utilisation among healthcare workers in Zamfara State

Usman, Rabi; Umar, Ahmad A.; Gidado, Saheed; Gobir, Abdulrazaq Abdullahi; Izuchukwu, F.; Ajayi, IkeOluwapo O.; Ajumobi, Olufemi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200856

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This study is in sequel to an earlier report (Abdullahi et al, 2009). There were similar malaria researches in Zamfara State (Moyi et al 2013, Garba et al, 2014, Usman et al, 2018, Abdulkadir et al, 2015, Maigemu & Hassan, 2015 but none these studies is as detailed as this study. The study looked at the knowledge, attitude, perception and practices of the population of Gusau metropolis on malaria and malaria control.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Malaria Knowledge, Attitude, Perception and Practices in Gusau Metropolis, Zamfara State (A Preliminary Report II)

Abdullahi¹,

Shinkafi²,

Aguh³

et al. 2021

IJSGS

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Malaria knowledge, attitude, perception and practices (KAPP) of patients who attended the Microbiology Laboratories of Ahmad Yariman Bakura Specialist Hospital and Federal Medical Centre of Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria, between January to December, 2017 was studied. One thousand, one hundred and one (1101) participants (consisted of 428(38.87%) females and 673(61.13%) males) participated and a structured questionnaire was used. The knowledge of the participants about malaria parasites, mosquito vector, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control was remarkable. Majority 796(72.3%) had positive attitude towards malaria infection and in seeking treatment. The perception on malaria (in relation to causes, symptoms, vector, diagnosis and treatment) of the respondents was impressive and this was however guided the positive attitude. The practices of the respondents on malaria diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention varies from individual to individual with majority 655(59.49%) using doctor’s prescription, 601(54.49%) using the artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). Both adults and children slept under mosquito net with majority 745(67.67%) using insecticide residual sprays both indoor and outdoor.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Malaria Knowledge, Attitude, Perception and Practices in Gusau Metropolis, Zamfara State (A Preliminary Report II)

Abdullahi¹,

Shinkafi²,

Aguh³

et al. 2021

IJSGS

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“…The study by Ndibuagu et al [13], in which 90.7% of respondents were aware of parasitological examination of blood to be the WHO recommended approach of establishing malaria diagnosis corroborates this finding from current research. Also a study done by Usman Rabi et al [14] reported more than half of respondents had good knowledge of mRDT in tandem with above finding. This calls for training of community pharmacist on the WHO T3 initiative as community pharmacist will be better equipped with knowledge to handle malaria case management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The findings from this study which revealed that 28.5% of community pharmacists carry out malaria diagnosis with a confirmatory test before commencing treatment and 90% of the respondents indicated that they treat malaria based on clinical signs and symptoms only (presumptive/ syndromic treatment) is substantiated by results of a study conducted by Uzochukwu et al [15] in South Eastern Nigeria which reported that majority of health facilities practiced presumptive malaria case management. In contrast, a study conducted by Usman Rabi et al [14] on availability and use of mRDT in public health facilities reported 82.7% of the healthcare workers employed malaria RDT routinely before making a diagnosis of malaria This may be largely due to public health facilities are less likely to commence treatment without diagnosis than private owned pharmacies which are profit-oriented. Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (mRDT) and a combination of mRDT and microscopy were the most common confirmatory test carried out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment: Perception of Community Pharmacists in Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria

Chukwuzurum¹,

Daniel²,

Popoola³

et al. 2021

IJIDT

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Malaria is a life threatening infectious disease that constitutes a major global public health and economic concern. Consequently, the WHO has recommended a T3 initiative (Test, Treat & Track) to help curb the scourge globally. This study aimed to ascertain the efficacy of malaria diagnosis in malaria case management and perception of community pharmacists on the WHO recommended standard of parasitological diagnosis before commencement of treatment within Abuja metropolis. A descriptive cross sectional study was performed amongst 207 community pharmacists within Abuja Metropolis. Data was obtained through structured, self-administered questionnaire. The association of respondent characteristics with the awareness, practice, and perception of malaria testing, and treatment was evaluated by Chi-square analysis for proportion. Where the number of categories was less than five, Fisher exact test was used. Seventy-two percent (72.9%) were aware of the WHO recommended T3 initiative on malaria case management. However, less than 10% of respondents had training in all the three components. On practice, 28.5% of community pharmacists carry out malaria diagnosis with a confirmatory test before instituting treatment. Ninety-two percent (92.3%) treat malaria based on clinical signs and symptoms only. Despite the high rate of clinical diagnosis, a majority (84.1%) agreed that the confirmatory test is more effective and efficient in malaria case management than clinical diagnosis. Most respondents (60.4%) reported that the confirmatory test most readily available was mRDT. Eighty-seven percent (87%) have good perception on parasitological confirmatory testing for malaria diagnosis and most respondents have confidence in results from the malaria confirmatory test while 68.6% trust their malaria confirmatory test skill. A little above half (52.7%) of the respondents treat for malaria regardless of negative confirmatory test results when the patient insists on treatment. A higher proportion (39%) of male community Pharmacists compared to females carry out malaria diagnosis with a confirmatory test before treatment. There was significant association of perception on the efficacy of a parasitological confirmatory test for malaria with age and work experience and there was significant association of work experience with the practice of confirmatory testing before treatment (P<0.05). Inferentially, this is call to action for government, professional bodies in the health sector and all committed to fight the scourge of malaria for more awareness to the general public on importance of the WHO T3 and capacity strengthening for the frontline health workers -community pharmacy attending to community needs on malaria case management.

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“…Sample size of 220 was estimated using 95% level of confidence, 5% level of precision, 82.7% as the expected proportion (based on the proportion of public health workers that routinely use MRDT for the diagnoses of malaria in a previous study [ 31 ], and the sample size formula for single proportion. Provision was made for a response rate of 90% by dividing the calculated sample size of 220 by 0.9 to get 245.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is relative paucity of literature on the use of MRDT and anti-malarial drug prescription practices and their predictors. Although some studies in Nigeria had assessed the use of MRDT among health workers [ 23 – 25 , 31 ], only few assessed the malarial drug use pattern [ 27 , 28 ] and there was marked variation in the reported use of MRDT and anti-malarial drug prescription practices. Also, the use of MRDT, especially at the PHC level, has made universal access to parasitological diagnosis of malaria possible [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of malaria rapid diagnostic test and anti-malarial drug prescription practices among primary healthcare workers in Ebonyi state, Nigeria: An analytical cross-sectional study

Omale,

Azuogu,

Agu

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background The recommendation of universal diagnostic testing before malaria treatment aimed to address the problem of over-treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy and the heightened risk of selection pressure and drug resistance and the use of malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT) was a key strategy, particularly among primary healthcare (PHC) workers whose access to and use of other forms of diagnostic testing were virtually absent. However, the use of MRDT can only remedy over-treatment when health workers respond appropriately to negative MRDT results by not prescribing anti-malarial drugs. This study assessed the use of MRDT and anti-malarial drug prescription practices, and the predictors, among PHC workers in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Methods We conducted an analytical cross-sectional questionnaire survey, among consenting PHC workers involved in the diagnosis and treatment of malaria, from January 15, 2020 to February 5, 2020. Data was collected via structured self-administered questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariate generalized estimating equations. Results Of the 490 participants surveyed: 81.4% usually/routinely used MRDT for malaria diagnosis and 18.6% usually used only clinical symptoms; 78.0% used MRDT for malaria diagnosis for all/most of their patients suspected of having malaria in the preceding month while 22.0% used MRDT for none/few/some; 74.9% had good anti-malarial drug prescription practice; and 68.0% reported appropriate response to negative MRDT results (never/rarely prescribed anti-malarial drugs for the patients) while 32.0% reported inappropriate response (sometimes/often/always prescribed anti-malarial drugs). The identified predictor(s): of the use of MRDT was working in health facilities supported by the United States’ President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI-supported health facilities); of good anti-malarial drug prescription practice were having good opinion about MRDT, having good knowledge about malaria diagnosis and MRDT, being a health attendant, working in PMI-supported health facilities, and increase in age; and of appropriate response to negative MRDT results was having good opinion about MRDT. Conclusions The evidence indicate the need for, and highlight factors to be considered by, further policy actions and interventions for optimal use of MRDT and anti-malarial drug prescription practices among the PHC workers in Ebonyi state, Nigeria, and similar settings.

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Predictors of malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests’ utilisation among healthcare workers in Zamfara State

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Malaria Knowledge, Attitude, Perception and Practices in Gusau Metropolis, Zamfara State (A Preliminary Report II)

Malaria Knowledge, Attitude, Perception and Practices in Gusau Metropolis, Zamfara State (A Preliminary Report II)

Malaria Diagnosis and Treatment: Perception of Community Pharmacists in Abuja Metropolis, Nigeria

Use of malaria rapid diagnostic test and anti-malarial drug prescription practices among primary healthcare workers in Ebonyi state, Nigeria: An analytical cross-sectional study

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