Predictors of Independent Aging and Survival: A 16‐Year Follow‐Up Report in Octogenarian Men

Franzon, Kristin; Byberg, Liisa; Sjögren, Per; Zethelius, Björn; Cederholm, Tommy; Kilander, Lena

doi:10.1111/jgs.14971

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…In addition, changes in cardiorespiratory function with a decrement resulting as much as 50% by the age of 70 contribute also to a higher risk of disability ( 6 ). These previous findings have been partially confirmed in longitudinal studies focused on aging and disability, where independent associations of aging were found between lower mobility and mortality ( 7 ), and survival ( 8 ), dynapenia and abdominal obesity with disability worsening ( 9 ), cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle function ( 10 ), or cognitive/mental state or/and comorbidities and chronic diseases ( 11 – 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Functional Capacity and Levels of Physical Activity in Aging: A 3-Year Follow-up

et al. 2018

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Over the last decades, the world elderly population has increased exponentially and this tendency will continue during the coming years; from 2000 to 2050, people over 60 will double and those over 80 will quadruple. Loss of independence occurs as people age due to mobility restrictions, frailty, and decreased functional fitness and cognitive abilities. Evidence has shown that appropriate programs and policies contribute to keep older adults healthy and independent over time. The purpose of this chapter is to report the results of our 3-year follow-up study designed to characterize functional physical fitness in a sample of Portuguese community-dwelling older adults to propose a set of functional parameters that decline the most. We studied a group of 43 elderly people, aged 60 and over. Variables assessed on the participants were anthropometric measurements, functional capacity with the Senior Fitness Test battery (muscle strength, aerobic endurance, flexibility, agility, and dynamic balance), handgrip strength, levels of physical activity, and balance. Three years after the first assessment, a second assessment of the same variables was conducted. We analyzed what were the variables that, for this group, were related with a healthier aging and the relation with different physical activity levels. Our study showed that the distance covered in 6-min walk test and handgrip strength seem to explain a great amount of variability on functional variables that have changed on this period (68% of balance, lower and upper functional strength, respectively) and the active participants showed less decrements with aging in anthropometric and functional variables than those inactive or insufficiently active (p < 0.05). Greater importance should be given to prescription of exercise targeting older adults and, specifically, walking and manual activities should be given more attention as components of a community exercise program.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Functional Capacity and Levels of Physical Activity in Aging: A 3-Year Follow-up

et al. 2018

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“…Very old individuals value functional independence higher than absence of morbidity [1]. This health valuation is in line with our concept of independent ageing [2, 3], defined as preserved ability to perform personal activities of daily living (ADL), walking outdoors and cognitive function. Thus, independent ageing requires preserved function of the neuromuscular system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

The impact of muscle function, muscle mass and sarcopenia on independent ageing in very old Swedish men

et al. 2019

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Background Preserved functions of daily life and cognition are cornerstones of independent aging, which is crucial for maintaining a high quality of life. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of sarcopenia, and its underlying components, on independent ageing in a cohort study of very old men. Methods The presence of sarcopenia and independent ageing at a mean age of 87 was investigated in 287 men from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men. Five years later 127 men were re-evaluated for independent ageing. Sarcopenia was defined by two different definitions from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. In the first definition sarcopenia was defined as skeletal muscle index < 7.26 kg/m 2 and either gait speed ≤0.8 m/s or hand grip strength < 30 kg. In the later up-dated definition, HGS < 27 kg and/or chair stand test > 15 s defines probable sarcopenia, which is confirmed by SMI < 7.0 kg/m 2 . Independent ageing was defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination score of ≥25 points, absence of diagnosed dementia, community-dwelling, independency in personal care and ability to walk outdoors alone. Results Sarcopenia at baseline was observed in 21% (60/287) and 20% (58/287), respectively, due to definition. The prevalence of independent ageing was 83% (239/288) at baseline and 69% (87/127) five years later. None of the sarcopenia diagnoses were associated with independent ageing. In contrast, gait speed was both in cross-sectional (odds ratio (OR) per one standard deviation increase 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47–3.15), and in longitudinal multivariate analyses (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.19–2.82). In the cross-sectional analysis also higher hand grip strength was associated with independent ageing (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.12–2.22), while a slower chair stand test was inversely associated (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43–0.86). Muscle mass; i.e. skeletal muscle index, was not associated with independent ageing. Conclusions For very old men, especially a higher gait speed, but also a higher hand grip strength and a faster chair stand test, were associated with independent ageing, while skeletal muscle index alone, and the composite sarcopenia phenotype measured with two different definitions, were not.

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“…The studies analysed by Sofi et al (4) were also included in the current meta-analysis, except for the study by Martínez-González et al (8) , as the most recent publication by Alvarez-Alvarez et al (29) used the same cohort and was more informative. Therefore, thirty articles were finally included in the meta-analyses of the MedDiet with all-cause mortality: fourteen published before (7,16,28,(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40) and sixteen published after June 2013 (up to 31 December 2017) (9,10,23,25,26,29,(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50) . Detailed characteristics of these studies are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Sixteen Articles Remainedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RR for all-cause mortality were reported: (a) only for continuous increments of MDS (e.g. one or two units) in nine studies (7,9,16,(30)(31)(32)40,42,50) , (b) only as a comparison of different categories of MDS in ten studies (23,25,26,29,34,39,41,(47)(48)(49) and (c) for both (a) and (b) in eleven studies (10,28,33,(35)(36)(37)(38)(43)(44)(45)(46) . Categories of MDS were defined arbitrarily or were based on percentiles.…”

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean diet and its components in relation to all-cause mortality: meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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The beneficial association of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) with longevity has been consistently demonstrated, but the associations of MedDiet components have not been accordingly evaluated. We performed an updated meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies published up to 31 December 2017, to quantify the association of adherence to MedDiet, expressed as an index/score (MDS) and of its components with all-cause mortality. We estimated summary relative risks (SRR) and 95 % CI using random effects models. On the basis of thirty studies (225 600 deaths), SRR for the study-specific highest/lowest and per 1sd MDS increment were 0·79 (95 % CI 0·77, 0·81, Ι2=42 %, P-heterogeneity 0·02) and 0·92 (95 % CI 0·90, 0·94, Ι2 56 %, P-heterogeneity <0·01), respectively. Inversely, statistically significant associations were evident in stratified analyses by country, MDS range and publication year, with some evidence for heterogeneity across countries overall (P-heterogeneity 0·011), as well as across European countries (P=0·018). Regarding MDS components, relatively stronger and statistically significant inverse associations were highlighted for moderate/none-excessive alcohol consumption (0·86, 95 % CI 0·77, 0·97) and for above/below-the-median consumptions of fruit (0·88, 95 % CI 0·83, 0·94) and vegetables (0·94, 95 % CI 0·89, 0·98), whereas a positive association was apparent for above/below-the-median intake of meat (1·07, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·13). Our meta-analyses confirm the inverse association of MedDiet with mortality and highlight the dietary components that influence mostly this association. Our results are important for better understanding the role of MedDiet in health and proposing dietary changes to effectively increase adherence to this healthy dietary pattern.

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Predictors of Independent Aging and Survival: A 16‐Year Follow‐Up Report in Octogenarian Men

Abstract: Lifestyle factors such as never smoking, maintaining a healthy diet, and not being obese at age 71 were associated with survival and independent aging at age 85 and older in men.

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Functional Capacity and Levels of Physical Activity in Aging: A 3-Year Follow-up

Functional Capacity and Levels of Physical Activity in Aging: A 3-Year Follow-up

The impact of muscle function, muscle mass and sarcopenia on independent ageing in very old Swedish men

Mediterranean diet and its components in relation to all-cause mortality: meta-analysis

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