Predictors of hand hygiene behaviours among primary and secondary school children in a rural district setting in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional epidemiologic study

Kanda, Artwell; Chahwanda, Maude; Macherera, Margaret; Ngwenya, Bigboy

doi:10.2166/washdev.2020.126

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, schools with hygiene and environmental health clubs were 11.8 times more likely than schools without such clubs to have access to basic hygiene services (AOR = 11.8 with 95% CI 1.35-104). This result was in line with a 2020 study in which a strong association was observed between being a member of a school WASH club and the use of basic hygiene service (OR = 4.56, 95% CI 2.95-7.04), p = 0.001) [27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The predictor variables of this study were the sex of the school directors, ownership of the schools, hygiene and environmental health clubs or WASH clubs, a budget line designated for WASH, schools' practice of community involvement, type of school, human resources, and at least one weekly lesson on WASH services. Some explanatory variables of this study were chosen based on earlier research [27].…”

Section: Explanatory Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors influencing access to basic water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in schools of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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Access to basic water, sanitation and hygiene services is the most effective mechanism to reduce many infectious diseases. WASH in schools related to better educational outcomes although adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene services were unavailable to millions of school-age children in Ethiopia. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the level of WASH coverage and identify factors affecting access to basic water, sanitation, and hygiene services. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 82 school facilities. A structured questionnaire and an observational checklist were used to gather the data. Water samples were taken from the schools' water storage. Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data. In this study, 74.7%, 61. 3% and 37.3% of the schools had access to basic drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene services, respectively. Additionally, 21.3%, 29.4%, and 30.7% of the schools had access to limited drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene services, respectively. However, 4%, 9.3%, and 32% of the schools lacked water, sanitation, and hygiene services, respectively. We discovered that schools with male heads were 7% less likely to have access to basic hygiene services (AOR = 0.07 with 95% CI 0.01–0.5) than those with female directors. In addition, schools with hygiene and environmental health clubs had an 11.8-fold higher access rate to basic hygiene services (AOR = 11.8 with 95% CI 1.35–104) than schools without such clubs. Besides, schools that conduct WASH lessons at least once a week were 8.63 times more likely to use basic hygiene services (AOR = 8.63; 95% CI 1.18–63.22) than schools that did not. This study offers scientific evidence that could be used for sound decisions to fill the school WASH gaps. This is a unique study in determining the level of WASH coverage and identifying factors affecting access to basic hygiene services. The investigation provides some insights into how access to WASH services can be improved at the grassroots level. Federal and regional governments should implement effective interventions that assist schools to attain Sustainable Development Goal 6 by 2030. School administrators and other partner organizations should take proactive measures to enhance and maintain the WASH services.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Explanatory Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing access to basic water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in schools of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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“…The high proportion of schools with clean sanitation facilities indicates attention toward improving the safety of the students, and can immensely contribute to the reduction in WASH-related diseases such as cholera, typhoid and dysentery (Kimbugwe et al, 2018, Abney et al, 2021. Disaggregation based on sex increases the utilisation of sanitary facilities by ensuring adequate privacy and promotes the safety and dignity of users (Kowaleski, 2020, Ncube et al, 2020.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Behaviours, and the Oral Health Status of School- Going Adolescent Boys and Young Men in Kampala, Uganda

Ssekamatte

Matovu

Kabwama

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Universal access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene services is an essential component of keeping young people in school. However, much of the focus has been directed towards meeting the sanitation and hygiene needs of school-going adolescent girls and young women with limited attention to their male school-going counterparts. We determined the oral health status and good hand hygiene practices and the factors associated with good hand hygiene practices among adolescent boys and young men (ABYM) in Kampala, Uganda. Materials and methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,869 school-going ABYM, who were randomly selected at household level from the five administrative divisions of Kampala, Uganda. A modified Poisson regression model was used to establish the factors associated with good hand hygiene practices (i.e. defined as always washing hands before eating and after visiting the latrine or toilet) among ABYM in Kampala. Results Overall, 81.4% (1,522/1,869) of the respondents had access to a drinking water source at their school. Nonetheless, 56.9% (1,064/1,869) carried water from home to drink while at school. Nearly all (98.9%, 1,849/1,869) respondents attended in schools that had sex-separated toilets/latrines; 95.6% (1,787/1,869) had safe toilets, while 97.0% (1,813/1,869) had latrines/toilets that provided for privacy. Only 42.5% (794/1,869) exhibited good hand hygiene practices. Good hand hygiene practices were associated with age 18-24 years (adjusted Prevalence Ratio [aPR] = 0.63; 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI]: 0.50, 0.78) and studying from a school with both handwashing and sanitary facilities (aPR=2.67; 95% CI: 1.84, 3.85). Slightly more than a quarter (26.4%, 495/1,869) of the respondents had at least one cavity in their teeth, 18.7% (349/1,869) had difficulty biting hard foods, 13.3% (248/1,869) had difficulty chewing, 6.0% (113/1,869) avoided laughing because of the appearance of their teeth and 16.1% (301/1,869) missed school in the last 12 months due to a toothache. Conclusion Our study revealed that the majority of the ABYM had access to basic drinking water and sanitation facilities while at school. However, their hand hygiene and oral health practices were sub-optimal. Our findings suggest a need for school authorities to intensify hygiene and oral health education in educational settings.

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“…Three studies (one from each country) were from Malawi, Eswatini and Namibia. Six studies were quantitative [16-20], four were qualitative [21][22][23][24], while nine used mixed methods approach [25][26][27][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Selected Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers and facilitators to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH) practices in Southern Africa: A scoping review

et al. 2022

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A healthy and a dignified life experience requires adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) coverage. However, inadequate WaSH resources remain a significant public health challenge in many communities in Southern Africa. A systematic search of peer-reviewed journal articles from 2010 –May 2022 was undertaken on Medline, PubMed, EbscoHost and Google Scholar from 2010 to May 2022 was searched using combinations of predefined search terms with Boolean operators. Eighteen peer-reviewed articles from Southern Africa satisfied the inclusion criteria for this review. The general themes that emerged for both barriers and facilitators included geographical inequalities, climate change, investment in WaSH resources, low levels of knowledge on water borne-diseases and ineffective local community engagement. Key facilitators to improved WaSH practices included improved WaSH infrastructure, effective local community engagement, increased latrine ownership by individual households and the development of social capital. Water and sanitation are critical to ensuring a healthy lifestyle. However, many people and communities in Southern Africa still lack access to safe water and improved sanitation facilities. Rural areas are the most affected by barriers to improved WaSH facilities due to lack of WaSH infrastructure compared to urban settings. Our review has shown that, the current WaSH conditions in Southern Africa do not equate to the improved WaSH standards described in SDG 6 on ensuring access to water and sanitation for all. Key barriers to improved WaSH practices identified include rurality, climate change, low investments in WaSH infrastructure, inadequate knowledge on water-borne illnesses and lack of community engagement.

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Predictors of hand hygiene behaviours among primary and secondary school children in a rural district setting in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional epidemiologic study

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Factors influencing access to basic water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in schools of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Factors influencing access to basic water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in schools of Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Behaviours, and the Oral Health Status of School- Going Adolescent Boys and Young Men in Kampala, Uganda

Barriers and facilitators to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WaSH) practices in Southern Africa: A scoping review

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