Predictors of frequent incidence of acute respiratory infections in children in the age group from 1 to 6 years old

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of factors that can contribute to recurrent respiratory infections (RRI) in children of early and preschool age. Anamnesis, immunoprophylaxis were studied, the composition of the microbiome of the oropharynx and intestines was studied by the method of genetic sequencing V3-V4 of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Objective. To establish predictors of the frequent incidence of respiratory infections in children aged 1 to 6 years. Materials and methods. The study was conducted from May 2021 to November 2022 using the method of a randomized single-center experiment at the medical center of Center for Modern Pediatrics (Voronezh). The study included 90 participants, including 15 conventionally healthy children and 75 children with RRI. Results. In 96% of cases in the group of children with RRI, a complicated course of pregnancy and childbirth was established, 37% of participants had a complicated course of the newborn period. In the group of children with RRI, a low percentage of vaccination coverage against pneumococcal infection was revealed (54%). The number of Lactobacillis , Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium was reduced in the oropharyngeal and intestinal microbiomes of children with RRI. In the oropharyngeal microbiome of children with RRI, the content of Neisseria (p=0.021) and Haemophilus increased, the concentration of Bifidobacterium decreased in the intestinal microbiome against the background of an increase in the concentration of Bacteroides