Predictors of Employment and College Attendance Outcomes for Youth in Transition: Implications for Policy and Practice

Balcázar, Fabricio E.; Oberoi, Ashmeet; Keel, Joanna M.

doi:10.1891/0047-2220.44.1.38

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Except for the graduation rate, the outcomes of the participating students were relatively modest (e.g., 37% participated in paid internships, 35% got jobs, and 13% enrolled in college classes). However, these results are encouraging when comparing them with our analysis of the state VR agency’s data that indicate that over a period of 5 years, 58.3% of the students who were accepted for VR services through the transition preparation program did not complete their rehabilitation goals and only 9.2% had competitive or supported employment to reach successful VR closures (Balcazar, Oberoi, & Keel, 2013). It should be noted that prior to this intervention, none of the students with disabilities in this charter school had opportunities to participate in paid internships or vocational trainings and the charter school was never invited to participate in the VR transition preparation program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Jobs for Youth Program: An Intervention to Improve Transition Outcomes of Former Dropout Minority Youth

Balcázar

Awsumb

Dimpfl

et al. 2018

Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many times employers will not hire people with disabilities because they are not well informed on what it entails and might not want to provide all the accommodations that the person might require (Kaye, Jans, & Jones, 2011). According to a survey of service providers conducted by researchers from the Aspen Institute Workforce Strategies Initiative (Jain, Conway, & Choitz, 2015), nearly 6.7 million young adults between the ages of 16 and 24 years are out of school and out of work. The April 2017 unemployment rate for youth with disabilities, 16 to 19 years old, was 27.4% compared with a rate of 14.1% for youth without disabilities, and for those 20 to 24 years old, the rate was 21.1% which is 3 times higher than the national average of 7.3% for youth without disabilities of that age (U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Disability Employment Policy, 2017). The period of transition from high school to the workforce is even more difficult for minority youth, particularly for African American young adults, who have an unemployment rate of 20.7%. The situation in Chicago is critical. A report by the Great Cities Institute at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC; Cordova, Wilson, & Morsey, 2016) concluded that in 2014, for the 16 to 19 years old in Chicago, only 12.4% of Blacks, 15.0% of Hispanic/Latinos, and 24.4% of Whites (non-Hispanic or Latinos) were employed. These rates compared with the national average of 28.8% suggest that youth in Chicago are less likely to be employed. In addition, 47% of the 20 to 24 years old Black men in Chicago were out of school and out of work in 2014 compared with 20% of Hispanic men and 10% of White men in the same age group. A recent review of trends in high school dropout and completion rates found that in 2013, young adults with disabilities had a lower high school completion rate (81.3%) than their peers without disabilities (92.4%; McFarland, Stark, & Coi, 2016). During the 2012-2013 school year, the national adjusted graduation rate for White students (87%) was 16 percentage points higher than the national rate for Black students (71%) and 747225C DEXXX10.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Jobs for Youth Program: An Intervention to Improve Transition Outcomes of Former Dropout Minority Youth

Balcázar

Awsumb

Dimpfl

et al. 2018

Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most importantly, according to the analysis, spending between $5,000 and $8,000 per consumer is associated with the maximum rate of rehabilitation (a 1,360% higher likelihood of getting rehabilitated). Balcazar et al (2013) also found that the chances of a youth in transition gaining competitive employment increased as the amount of money spent by the VR counselor on the case increased. Furthermore, youth who received vocational guidance and on-the job supports had higher chances of obtaining competitive employment than of going to college.…”

Section: Vr Services For African American With Mental Health Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In another study, Balcazar, Oberoi, and Keel (2013) examined a VR database from a Midwestern state that included 26,292 transition cases. Transition outcomes were identified for 4,010 youth (15.3%) and analyzed based on factors of gender, race, and disability type.…”

Section: Vr Services For African American With Mental Health Diagnosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

African Americans and the Vocational Rehabilitation Service System in the United States: The Impact on Mental Health

Vryhof¹,

Balcázar²

2020

The International Handbook of Black Community Mental Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the United States, individuals of color are more likely to have disabilities than those who are White (Mwachofi, Broyles, & Khaliq, 2009). Additionally, African Americans experience increased severity in their disability. Across all age category groups, African Americans are also more likely to have a higher proportion of individuals with severe disabilities when compared to their White counterparts (Capella, 2002). Although many researchers attribute socio-economic status to the prevalence of mental health diagnoses in people of color, it is apparent that race needs to be considered when discussing mental health prevalence and services (Smith, 2015). While substantial work has been done to increase cultural competency in services provided for assessing and treating mental illness, the professions that provide those services (e.g., social work, psychology, and psychiatry) were deeply influenced and created by and for Western European male individuals (Smith, 2015). Additionally, African Americans experience multiple barriers when accessing mental health services for both diagnosis and treatment, including financial barriers, barriers for seeking help, and barriers in receiving high quality culturally competent services (Holden & Xanthos, 2009). The seminal report to the Surgeon General of the United States on Mental Health (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001) pointed out that historical adversity, which included slavery, sharecropping, and race-based exclusion from health, educational, social, and economic resources, translates into the socio-economic disparities experienced by many African Americans in the United States. Socio-economic status, in turn, is linked to mental health -poor mental health is more common among those who are impoverished than among those

show abstract

Effective Vocational Rehabilitation Services for Transition-Aged Youth: Lessons From the Literature

Friedman

Rios

Huang

et al. 2023

Rehabilitation Research Policy and Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective:The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the current literature regarding the vocational rehabilitation services found effective in promoting employment among transition-age youth with disabilities as well as identifying factors affecting the effectiveness of those services.Methods:This study utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines to theoretically and methodologically ground the systematic review. Through a three-stage filtering process, 35 studies were identified that helped identify common and effective vocational rehabilitation services for transition-aged youth.Findings:Three major themes were observed in the review of literature: validated vocational rehabilitation services, vocational rehabilitation counselor factors, and demographic variables.Conclusions:Additional research is needed in the role of disability severity as a variable of successful service provision. Further identifying successful vocational services for varying levels of disability severity will provide vocational rehabilitation consumers with more individualized options and has the potential to increase positive case closure rates. Lastly, research indicated a need for continued training of VR counselors to ensure they are meeting the needs of their consumers.

show abstract

Predictors of Employment and College Attendance Outcomes for Youth in Transition: Implications for Policy and Practice

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Jobs for Youth Program: An Intervention to Improve Transition Outcomes of Former Dropout Minority Youth

Jobs for Youth Program: An Intervention to Improve Transition Outcomes of Former Dropout Minority Youth

African Americans and the Vocational Rehabilitation Service System in the United States: The Impact on Mental Health

Effective Vocational Rehabilitation Services for Transition-Aged Youth: Lessons From the Literature

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About