Predictors of early survival in Soay sheep: cohort-, maternal- and individual-level variation

Jones, Owen R.; Crawley, Michael J.; Pilkington, Jill G.; Pemberton, Josephine M.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3267

Cited by 47 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…; Kirk et al 2005), arachnids (e.g. Beckerman et al 2006), insects (Spitzer 2004;Pertoldi et al 2005;Steigenga et al 2005) Valdimarsson et al 2002), birds (Taeniopygia guttata castanotis; Forstmeier et al 2004), large terrestrial herbivores ( Festa-Bianchet & Jorgenson 1998;Jones et al 2005;Kruger et al 2005;Safari et al 2005), seals (Phoca vitulina; Ellis et al 2000) and humans (Homo sapiens; e.g. Korpelainen 1999;Lummaa & Clutton-Brock 2002;Lummaa 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evidence for paternal effects on offspring growth rate in Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus )

et al. 2008

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Sexual selection theory predicts that females should choose males that signal viability and quality. However, few studies have found fitness benefits among females mating with highly ornamented males. Here, we use Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), a teleost fish with no parental care, to investigate whether females could gain fitness benefits by mating with highly ornamented and large-sized males. Carotenoidbased coloration signalled by males during spawning is believed to be an indicator of good genes for this species. Paternal effects on offspring size (body length and dry body mass) were examined experimentally by crossing eggs and sperm in vitro from 12 females and 24 males in a split-brood design and raising larvae to 30 days past hatching. We clearly demonstrated that there was a relationship between offspring size and paternal coloration. However, a negative interaction between paternal length and coloration was evident for offspring length, indicating that positive effects of paternal coloration were only present for smaller males. Thus, the red spawning coloration of the male Arctic charr seems to be an indicator of good genes, but the effect of paternal coloration on offspring length, an indicator of 'offspring quality', is size dependent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evidence for paternal effects on offspring growth rate in Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus )

et al. 2008

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“…Moreover, in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), increased yolk corticosterone concentration, indicative of maternal stress levels, enhances juvenile flight performance by increasing the mass and maturity of flight muscles (Chin et al, 2009). In placental animals, maternal conditions such as nutritional stress affect growth rate, immune capacity, survival and breeding performance of offspring (Festa-Bianchet and Jorgenson, 1998;Lummaa and Clutton-Brock, 2002;Lummaa, 2003;Jones et al, 2005). Interestingly, exposure to a low protein diet during oocyte maturation in the mouse (Mus musculus) resulted in abnormal postnatal cardiovascular function in the offspring (Watkins et al, 2008).…”

Section: Egg Components and Intrauterine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetics and transgenerational transfer: a physiological perspective

Burggren

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

305

227

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Summary Epigenetics, the transgenerational transfer of phenotypic characters without modification of gene sequence, is a burgeoning area of study in many disciplines of biology. However, the potential impact of this phenomenon on the physiology of animals is not yet broadly appreciated, in part because the phenomenon of epigenetics is not typically part of the design of physiological investigations. Still enigmatic and somewhat ill defined is the relationship between the overarching concept of epigenetics and interesting transgenerational phenomena (e.g. ‘maternal/parental effects’) that alter the physiological phenotype of subsequent generations. The lingering effect on subsequent generations of an initial environmental disturbance in parent animals can be profound, with genes continuing to be variously silenced or expressed without an associated change in gene sequence for many generations. Known epigenetic mechanisms involved in this phenomenon include chromatin remodeling (DNA methylation and histone modification), RNA-mediated modifications (non-coding RNA and microRNA), as well as other less well studied mechanisms such as self-sustaining loops and structural inheritance. In this review we: (1) discuss how the concepts of epigenetics and maternal effects both overlap with, and are distinct from, each other; (2) analyze examples of existing animal physiological studies based on these concepts; and (3) offer a construct by which to integrate these concepts into the design of future investigations in animal physiology.

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“…For example, as indicated in Table 2, the Yorkshire terrier was found to be significantly overrepresented among the COPV-positive dogs tested. These tested Yorkshire terriers, however, originated from only three kennels with differing prevalences, and thus, possible cohort effects have to be kept in mind (18,27). The observations nevertheless indicate that breed disposition may actually play a role in the prevalence of various CPVs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Detection of Antibodies against Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis-Associated Canine Papillomavirus 3 in Sera of Dogs from Europe and Africa by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Lange

Tobler

Favrot

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The role of papillomaviruses (PVs) in the development of canine cancers is controversial. However, recently a novel canine PV (CPV3) was detected in a dog affected with a condition reminiscent of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). The aim of the present study was to investigate the seroprevalence of CPV3 by using generic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of antibodies against either canine oral PV (COPV) or CPV3. Therefore, the capsid proteins of both PV types were expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion protein antigens and adsorbed to glutathione-casein-coated ELISA plates. After showing that PV type-specific antibodies could be detected in the sera from dogs with confirmed COPV or CPV3 infection, CPV3-and COPV-seropositive samples were detected in two sets of canine sera collected in Switzerland and South Africa, respectively. We found specific antibodies against COPV and CPV3 among the tested sera and also a large number that were positive for both antigens. The seroprevalences of PV antibodies of 21.9% (COPV) and 26.9% (CPV3) among the tested dogs from South Africa were higher than those among the dogs from Switzerland at 10.5% (COPV) and 1.3% (CPV3). Our data suggest a need for further CPV-related seroepidemiological surveys in different countries, especially in the context of clinical manifestations and possible breed predispositions. For this purpose, the newly developed ELISAs can be a useful tool.Papillomaviruses (PVs) are small, icosahedral, nonenveloped DNA viruses with mucosal and skin tropism which are associated with various hyperplastic, dysplastic, and neoplastic conditions in humans and animals (21). More than 100 types of human PVs (HPVs) have been described, and more are continuously being discovered (8). The role of HPVs in the development of human diseases, i.e., cervical carcinomas or epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV)-associated skin carcinomas, is well established, and pathomechanisms have been the focus of many studies (14,23,30,35,48). Indeed, both PCR-and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based techniques are commonly used to carry out HPV-related epidemiologic studies (2, 25).In contrast, the role of PVs in the development of canine cancers remains uncertain, although a clinical counterpart to human EV has been described in dogs with PV infections (28). Until now, only four canine PVs (CPVs) have been unambiguously identified and sequenced (7,42,43,46). The first and best-known CPV, canine oral PV (COPV), affects mostly juvenile dogs and causes warts with a typical cauliflower-like appearance located in the oral cavity and other mucous membranes (32). Since COPV-affected dogs recover spontaneously and specific antibodies protect them from reinfection, COPV infection is not considered a life-threatening condition (32). Although COPV infection is endemic in most dog populations, there never was a great demand for serological surveys, and systematic serological data concerning the prevalence of COPV infection are thus far unavailable. A dis...

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Predictors of early survival in Soay sheep: cohort-, maternal- and individual-level variation

Cited by 47 publications

References 36 publications

Experimental evidence for paternal effects on offspring growth rate in Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus )

Experimental evidence for paternal effects on offspring growth rate in Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus )

Epigenetics and transgenerational transfer: a physiological perspective

Detection of Antibodies against Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis-Associated Canine Papillomavirus 3 in Sera of Dogs from Europe and Africa by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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