Predictors of Disease Severity in Patients Admitted to a Cholera Treatment Center in Urban Haiti

Valcin, Claude-Lyne; Sévère, Karine; Riché, C. Thomas; Anglade, Benedict; Moise, Colette Guiteau; Woodworth, Michael H.; Charles, Macarthur; Li, Zhongze; Joseph, Patrice; Pape, Jean William; Wright, Peter F.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0170

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Findings from this study also support those of Valcin [13] who found out that the leading age group is adults (21 -40 ) years of age, whereas children who were less than or equals to ≤ 20 years of age had a high percentage of diarrhea perhaps because of rotavirus or other childhood diarrheal illness in addition to bacterial infections.…”

Section: Socio-demographic and Socioeconomic Factorssupporting

confidence: 89%

Bacterial Agents Causing Food Poisoning among Patients Attending Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kiambu County, Kenya

Esther¹,

Nelson²,

Ephantus³

2019

OJMM

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Food poisoning is caused by the ingestion of contaminated food or water that contains microbial agents that cause illness or release their toxins onto the food. Examples of these microbial agents are Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogens, Clostridium botulinum, Salmonella typhiridium, and Salmonella enteritidis. Epidemiological monitoring of food poisoning is highly desirable for continuous determination of the existing causative species and disease trends. The study was conducted at Thika level 5 hospital. The objective of the study was to establish the prevalence of food poisoning at Thika level 5 hospital. A cross-sectional study design and purposive sampling technique was adopted in this study. Interview scheduled questionnaires and collection of stool samples from in-patients presenting with suspected food poisoning at Thika level 5, hospital was used for data collection. Stool culture tests were used to identify the bacterial causative agents of food poisoning. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used in the analysis of the data. Ethical approval was sought from Kenyatta University Ethical Review Committee, the Ministry of Education Science and Technology and Kiambu County Government. Informed consent was sought from the respondents after they had been informed about the study. The study findings showed that of the sample taken 28 (26.4%) were positive of Cholera while 78 (73.6%) were positive of Salmonella. The study recommends early set-up of emergency wards to contain outbreaks of infectious diseases together with well-equipped diagnostic labs for prompt response.

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Section: Socio-demographic and Socioeconomic Factorssupporting

confidence: 89%

Bacterial Agents Causing Food Poisoning among Patients Attending Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kiambu County, Kenya

Esther¹,

Nelson²,

Ephantus³

2019

OJMM

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“…5 Seasonal peaks followed the rainy season associated with flooding and surface water contamination. 6,7 Lack of sanitation and access to potable water are responsible for continued cholera outbreaks around the world. In 2012, the WHO estimated that 1.4 billion were at risk for cholera and that every year cholera accounts for 28,000-142,000 deaths worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Oral Cholera Vaccine in Haiti: 37-Month Follow-Up

Sévère¹,

Rouzier²,

Anglade³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The first oral cholera vaccine (OCV) campaign, since its prequalification by the World Health Organization, in response to an ongoing cholera epidemic (reactive vaccination) was successfully conducted in a poor urban slum of approximately 70,000 inhabitants in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in 2012. Vaccine coverage was 75% of the target population. This report documents the impact of OCV in reducing the number of culture-confirmed cases of cholera admitted to the Groupe Haïtien d'Etude du Sarcome de Kaposi et des Infections Opportunistes (GHESKIO) cholera treatment center from that community in the 37 months postvaccination (April 2012-April 30, 2015. Of 1,788 patients with cultureconfirmed cholera, 1,770 (99%) were either from outside the vaccine area (1,400 cases) or from the vaccinated community who had not received OCV (370 cases). Of the 388 people from the catchment area who developed culture-confirmed cholera, 370 occurred among the 17,643 people who had not been vaccinated (2.1%) and the remaining 18 occurred among the 52,357 people (0.034%) who had been vaccinated (P < 0.001), for an efficacy that approximates 97.5%. Despite not being designed as a randomized control trial, the very high efficacy is a strong evidence for the effectiveness of OCV as part of an integrated package for the control of cholera in outbreak settings.

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“…[27][28][29] An alternative explanation is that children less than five years of age with diarrhea were less likely to have cholera because this was a newly introduced epidemic to which the whole population is immunologically naive. 30 Of note, 39.5% of the specimens from the CTC and 29.0% of those from the ORP had no pathogens detected by the xTAG GPP PCR, although 14.3% of the CTC cases and 18.4% of the ORP cases were culture positive for V. cholerae. The cases that were negative by the xTAG GPP PCR and V. cholerae culture could have been caused by pathogens not included in the xTAG GPP PCR panel and/or to emerging or yet unrecognized causes of diarrhea in Haiti.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Cholera and Other Etiologies of Acute Diarrhea in Post-Earthquake Port-au-Prince, Haiti

Charles¹,

Delva²,

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We estimated the proportion of diarrhea attributable to cholera and other pathogens during the rainy and dry seasons in patients seen in two urban health settings: a cholera treatment center (CTC) and oral rehydration points (ORPs). During April 1, 2011-November 30, 2012, stool samples were collected from 1,206 of 10,845 patients who came to the GHESKIO CTC or to the community ORPs with acute diarrhea, cultured for Vibrio cholerae, and tested by multiplex polymerase reaction. Vibrio cholerae was isolated from 409 (41.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 38.7-44.9%) of the 979 specimens from the CTC and in 45 (19.8%, 95% CI = 14.8-25.6%) of the 227 specimens from the ORPs. Frequencies varied from 21.4% (95% CI = 16.6-26.7%) during the dry season to 46.8% (95% CI = 42.9-50.7%) in the rainy season. Shigella, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, rotavirus, and Cryptosporidium were frequent causes of diarrhea in children less than five years of age.

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Predictors of Disease Severity in Patients Admitted to a Cholera Treatment Center in Urban Haiti

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Bacterial Agents Causing Food Poisoning among Patients Attending Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kiambu County, Kenya

Bacterial Agents Causing Food Poisoning among Patients Attending Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kiambu County, Kenya

Effectiveness of Oral Cholera Vaccine in Haiti: 37-Month Follow-Up

Importance of Cholera and Other Etiologies of Acute Diarrhea in Post-Earthquake Port-au-Prince, Haiti

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