Predictors of Differences in Vitamin D Levels in Children and Adolescents and Their Relation to Endurance Performance

Lämmle, Lena; Bergmann, Karin; Bös, Klaus; Koletzko, Berthold

doi:10.1159/000343784

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…This finding is supported by an early study which reported increased aerobic capacity as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation in collegiate students [8]. Furthermore, a recent study on adolescents observed a positive relationship between vitamin D and aerobic performance on adolescents [38] Since VO 2 max is related to soccer performance, as indicated by the well-documented relationship between this parameter and the distance covered during a soccer game [15], our findings suggest that in order to perform efficiently during a soccer game optimal vitamin D levels are needed. The observed association between vitamin D levels and VO 2 max could be related to its protective effect on lung function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Vitamin D and Exercise Performance in Professional Soccer Players

et al. 2014

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AimThe current study had two aims. The primary purpose was to examine the association between serum vitamin D levels and the ergometric evaluation of muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and speed in professional soccer players. The secondary aim was to evaluate the effects of the soccer off-season period on serum vitamin D levels.MethodsSixty-seven Caucasian male soccer players (age 25.6±6.2 and height 1.81±0.08 m), members of two Greek Superleague Soccer teams and one Football-league championship team participated in this study. Exercise performance testing for the determination of squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), 10 (10 m) and 20 meters (20 m) sprint performance, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), anthropometry, and blood sampling were performed before (pre) and after (post) the six-week off-season period.ResultsAnalysis of our results showed the following: (a) a significant correlations between serum vitamin D levels and performance parameters in both pre (SJ; P<0.001, CMJ; P<0.001, VO2max; P<0.001, 10 m; P<0.001, and 20 m; P<0.001) and post (SJ; P<0.001, CMJ; P<0.001, VO2max; P = 0.006, 10 m; P<0.001, and 20 m; P<0.001) experimental sessions. (b) Vitamin D concentration increased significantly (P<0.001) following the six-week off-season period compared to baseline, while at the same time all measured performance parameters decreased (SJ; P<0.001, CMJ; P<0.001, 10 m; P<0.001, 20 m; P<0.001, VO2max; P<0.001).DiscussionOur findings suggest that vitamin D levels are associated with the ergometric evaluation of muscle strength, as expressed by SJ and CMJ, sprinting capacity, and VO2max in professional soccer players, irrespective the levels of performance. Furthermore, our data reaffirm the importance of UVB on serum vitamin D levels. Moreover, reductions in exercise training stress may also have beneficial effects on vitamin D levels, suggesting a possible association of its levels and the training-induced stress. Our results indicate a possibly bidirectional interaction between soccer performance indices and vitamin D levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Vitamin D and Exercise Performance in Professional Soccer Players

et al. 2014

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“…It is challenging to measure vitamin D status as the obtained concentrations vary with the methods applied 28 . In GINIplus and LISAplus the measured 25(OH)D levels were higher than reported for this age group in the KIGGS study 29 and NHANES 30 . Therefore, we used in our analyses 25(OH)D concentrations as continuous variable as well as in quartiles and avoided interpretation in terms of vitamin D sufficiency.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone turnover markers in a population based sample of German children

Thiering

Brüske

Kratzsch

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Severe vitamin D deficiency is known to cause rickets, however epidemiological studies and RCTs did not reveal conclusive associations for other parameters of bone health. In our study, we aimed to investigate the association between serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D and bone turnover markers in a population-based sample of children. 25(OH)D, calcium (Ca), osteocalcin (OC), and β-Crosslaps (β-CTx) were measured in 2798 ten-year-old children from the German birth cohorts GINIplus and LISAplus. Linear regression was used to determine the association between bone turnover markers and 25(OH)D levels. 25(OH)D, OC, and β-CTx showed a clear seasonal variation. A 10 nmol/l increase in 25(OH)D was significantly associated with a 10.5 ng/l decrease (p < 0.001) in β-CTx after adjustment for design, sex, fasting status, time of blood drawn, BMI, growth rate, and detectable testosterone/estradiol. For OC alone no significant association with 25(OH)D was observed, whereas the β-CTx-to-OC ratio was inversely associated with 25(OH)D (−1.7% change, p < 0.001). When stratifying the analyses by serum calcium levels, associations were stronger in children with Ca levels below the median. This study in school-aged children showed a seasonal variation of 25(OH)D and the bone turnover markers OC and β-CTx. Furthermore a negative association between 25(OH)D and the bone resorption marker β-CTx was observed.

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“…In brief, in a German study, PA was not correlated with 25(OH)D status in 11- to 13-year-old children [ 29 ], which is consistent with the results of a Danish study that observed eight- to 11-year-old children [ 28 ]. In contrast, another Danish study reported a positive association between PA and 25(OH)D status in younger children (aged 4–8 years) [ 16 ], and similar correlations and potentially positive effects of increased PA on 25(OH)D status were observed in children and adolescents from other world regions [ 9 , 17 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Recent years have seen an increase in public interest in the relationship between PA and 25(OH)D status in children, mostly because studies completed over the last decade have regularly confirmed a high prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in children and adolescents [ 9 , 27 ]. However, the results of studies that specifically investigated a possible correlation between PA and 25(OH)D status in children are not consistent [ 16 , 17 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Status and Analysis of Specific Correlates in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Croatia

Karin

Gilić

Domić

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Vitamin D deficiency is a globally important problem, particularly in children, but there is a lack of information regarding this deficiency in preschool children from southeastern Europe. This study aimed to establish the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and associations of gender, time spent outdoors, physical activity (PA), and body mass index (as predictors) with the 25(OH)D level (outcome) in healthy preschool children. The participants were preschoolers (all 5–6 years of age) from southern Croatia. All the participants were tested during their mandatory medical examination 6–7 months prior to school enrollment. The PA was obtained using the preschool-age physical activity questionnaire (Pre-PAQ), which categorizes PA into five levels (from sedentary to vigorous PA). The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was high: 58% of the children had 25(OH)D levels of <50 nmol/L (deficiency), and an additional 29% had an insufficient level of 25(OH)D (50–75 nmol/L). Boys had higher levels of 25(OH)D than girls. A multinomial regression using 25(OH)D categories as the outcome and a sufficient level (>75 nmol/L) as the reference value identified gender as the only significant predictor of 25(OH)D status, with boys being at lower risk for 25(OH)D deficiency than girls. These results showed a high prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in preschoolers from the southern part of Croatia, which is additionally alarming based on the geographical position of the studied region (42° N) and its high number of sunshine hours (>2600 h per year). Future studies examining other potential correlates of 25(OH)D in the region are warranted.

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Predictors of Differences in Vitamin D Levels in Children and Adolescents and Their Relation to Endurance Performance

Cited by 11 publications

References 92 publications

Vitamin D and Exercise Performance in Professional Soccer Players

Vitamin D and Exercise Performance in Professional Soccer Players

Associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone turnover markers in a population based sample of German children

Vitamin D Status and Analysis of Specific Correlates in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Croatia

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