Predictors of depression in outpatients with heart failure: An observational study

Effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy for patients with heart failure and depression: A systematic review protocol

“…In a meta‐analysis, 27 studies reported that the prevalence of depression in patients with HF ranges from 9 to 60% (Sohani & Samaan, ). The additional effect of depression on mortality in HF has been demonstrated in many studies over different periods, from 3 months to 3 years (short‐term effect); however, the long‐term effect of depression on clinical outcomes is not well known due to the early high mortality rate associated with HF (Adams et al, ; Gathright, Goldstein, Josephson, & Hughes, ; Graven, Martorella, Gordon, Grant Keltner, & Higgins, ). Frequent hospitalizations, fluid restrictions, long‐term use of medications, and the number of health visits required can negatively impact on quality of life, relationships, and the ability to function in normal life activities and work capacity, leading to depression (Sobral Lacerda, Alves Cirelli, Leite de Barros, & de Lima Lopes, ).…”

“…It also refers to the class of interventions sharing a common premise that both mental and psychological disorders are maintained by the presence of cognitive factors (Graven et al, ). In line with the medical model of psychiatry, the main goal of treatment is reducing the symptoms, as well as enhancing functioning (Chen, Kao, Cheng, & Chang, ; Graven et al, ). As a result, the patient becomes an active participant in collaborating with the problem‐solving process to test, as well as challenge, the maladaptive cognitions, and modifying the behavioral patterns.…”

“…In a meta-analysis, 27 studies reported that the prevalence of depression in patients with HF ranges from 9 to 60% (Sohani & Samaan, 2012). The additional effect of depression on mortality in HF has been demonstrated in many studies over different periods, from 3 months to 3 years (short-term effect); however, the long-term effect of depression on clinical outcomes is not well known due to the early high mortality rate associated with HF (Adams et al, 2012;Gathright, Goldstein, Josephson, & Hughes, 2017;Graven, Martorella, Gordon, Grant Keltner, & Higgins, 2017). Depression poses a risk to patients with HF and is a major cause of suicide (Chang et al, 2017).…”

“…CBT works on the assumption that individuals can positively influence their symptoms by changing their behavior and thought processes (Jayasekara et al, 2015). It also refers to the class of interventions sharing a common premise that both mental and psychological disorders are maintained by the presence of cognitive factors (Graven et al, 2017). In line with the medical model of psychiatry, the main goal of treatment is reducing the symptoms, as well as enhancing functioning (Chen, Kao, Cheng, & Chang, 2018;Graven et al, 2017).…”

“…As a result, the patient becomes an active participant in collaborating with the problem-solving process to test, as well as challenge, the maladaptive cognitions, and modifying the behavioral patterns. CBT can be used to modify patients' typical psychological and behavioral aspects to minimize negative perceptions and practices (Freedland, Carney, Rich, Steinmeyer, & Rubin, 2015;Graven et al, 2017;Lundgren et al, 2016).…”