Predictive Value of Sudden Olfactory Loss in the Diagnosis of COVID-19

Haehner, Antje; Draf, Julia; Dräger, Sarah; With, Katja de; Hummel, Thomas

doi:10.1159/000509143

Cited by 134 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…A total of 11074 COVID-19 patients (mean age 46.7±10.4 years and males 46.9%) were included in the final analysis ( table 1 ). 2 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 The overall prevalence of “loss of smell” in COVID-19 patients was 52.0% (CI: 42.5%-61.6%, I 2 =99.4%) ( Figure 2 ). A total of 21 studies compared these symptoms in COVID-19 patients (n=2196) and controls (n=3425).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 21 studies compared these symptoms in COVID-19 patients (n=2196) and controls (n=3425). 13 , 14 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 25 , 27 , 28 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 59 , 60 , 62 “Loss of smell” was associated significantly more in the COVID-19 group compared to non-COVID-19 group (OR: 14.7, CI: 8.9–24.3, p<0.001, I 2 =83.2%) ( Figure 3 ). Among COVID-19 patients, the odds of patients with severe disease and “loss of smell” were significantly low when compared to patients with severe disease and without “loss of smell” (OR: 0.36, CI 0.27–0.48, p <0.01, I 2 =27.4% ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association of “Loss of Smell” to COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Aziz

Goyal

Haghbin

et al. 2021

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences

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Background The presence of olfactory dysfunction or “loss of smell” has been reported as an atypical symptom in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to evaluate the prevalence of “loss of smell” in COVID-19 as well as its utility for prognosticating the disease severity. Methods An exhaustive search of the PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LitCovid NIH, and WHO COVID-19 database was conducted through August 6 th , 2020. All studies reporting the prevalence of “loss of smell” (anosmia and/or hyposmia/microsmia) in laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Pooled prevalence for cases (positive COVID-19 through reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) and/or serology IgG/IgM) and controls (negative RT-PCR and/or serology) was compared, and the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and the p-value were calculated. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 51 studies with 11074 confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Of these, 21 studies used a control group with 3425 patients. The symptom of “loss of smell” (OR: 14.7, CI: 8.9–24.3) was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group when compared to the control group. Seven studies comparing severe COVID-19 patients with- and without “loss of smell” demonstrated favorable prognosis for patients with “loss of smell” (OR: 0.36, CI 0.27–0.48). Conclusion Olfactory dysfunction or “loss of smell” is a prevalent symptom in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, COVID-19 patients with “loss of smell” appear to have a milder course of the disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of “Loss of Smell” to COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Aziz

Goyal

Haghbin

et al. 2021

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences

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“…The included studies consist of a variety of study designs -cross-sectional (n = 22) (12,(16)(17)(18)(19)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41); case-control (n = 3) (42-44); casereport and case series (n = 3) studies (45)(46)(47). Two categories of the MMAT were employed based on the study design to examine the methodological quality of these studies; quantitative non-randomized category for cross-sectional and case-control studies and quantitative descriptive category for case-report and case series ones.…”

Section: Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were different in design and settings. Majority study design was cross-sectional (about 79%, 22/28) (12,(16)(17)(18)(19)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41);…”

Section: Epidemiological Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in 2019 novel coronavirus: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Esmaeili

Abdi

Shafiee

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundEvidence showed that partial or complete loss of smell and taste might be a possible primary symptom of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). This study aimed to systematically review and pool all available evidence on the olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. MethodsIn this systematic review, a comprehensive search was carried out systematically through e-databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS); that was limited to English-language studies published from 2019 up to 6th May 2020. Afterward, all studies reported the taste and smell dysfunction in the COVID-19 patients were included. The quality of the studies was assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The pooled prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was estimated using the random effects meta-analysis method.ResultsAmong 28 eligible included studies in this systematic review, finally, 22 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. According to the random effect meta-analysis, the global pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) of any olfactory dysfunction, anosmia, and hyposmia was 55% (40%-70%), 40% (22%-57%), and 40% (20%-61%) respectively. The pooled estimated prevalence of any gustatory dysfunction, ageusia, and dysgeusia was 41% (23%-59%), 31% (3%-59%), and 34% (19%-48%) respectively. ConclusionOlfactory and gustatory dysfunction is prevalent among COVID-19 patients. Therefore, olfactory and gustatory dysfunction seems to be part of important symptoms and notify for the diagnosis of COVID-19, especially in the early phase of the infection.

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“…Olfactory dysfunction and taste dysfunction was noted in 2355 and 2224 patients respectively. In the studies performed by Lauren T Roland et al 4 and Antje Haehner et al 9 Anosmia or ageusia were reported in 95 and 22 patients respectively. Nasal obstruction was reported in 323 patients followed by next common symptom sore throat in 261 patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Otorhinolaryngological manifestations of COVID-19-A systematic review

Govindarajalu¹,

Shah²,

Parsana³

2020

Preprint

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Background: In early December 2019, an outbreak of COVID-19, caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China causing havoc all over the world. As clinicians, recognition of this disease is necessary to isolate these patients to prevent further human to human transmission. Due to its affinity to the respiratory tract and increased viral load in the nose and throat, we as practising otorhinolaryngologists are at increased risk of exposure to this life-threatening virus and warrants an in-depth knowledge on the symptomatology of this disease. This systematic review is intended to highlight the otorhinolaryngological manifestations of COVID-19.Methodology: The literature search was performed on PubMed database using Boolean operators ‘and ‘, ‘or’ as “otorhinolaryngological manifestations” or “rhinology” or “otology” or “larynx” or “hearing” or “olfaction” and “covid19” or “novel corona virus” or “SARS-CoV” with filters as ‘2020’ year of study on 7/08/2020 at 11.30 Am.Review Results: Total of 357 articles were obtained on search and the final 12 articles extracted based on our selection criteria were reviewed. The studies included 6825 laboratory confirmed COVID -19 patients with varying severity of disease. Olfactory dysfunction and taste dysfunction were noted in 2355 and 2224 patients respectively. Nasal obstruction was reported in 323 patients and sore throat in 261 patients. Rhinorrhoea was reported in 209 patients .158 patients complained of post nasal drip and 152 patients presented with facial pain.Conclusion: As a practising otorhinolaryngologist, a good insight into the otorhinolaryngological manifestations of COVID-19 is essential to differentiate between the prodromal symptoms of COVID-19 and non-COVID viral upper respiratory tract infection.

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Predictive Value of Sudden Olfactory Loss in the Diagnosis of COVID-19

Cited by 134 publications

References 13 publications

The Association of “Loss of Smell” to COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The Association of “Loss of Smell” to COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in 2019 novel coronavirus: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Otorhinolaryngological manifestations of COVID-19-A systematic review

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