Predictive value of plasma parameters in the risk of postpartum ketosis in dairy cows

Abstract

IntroductionThe predictive value of selected parameters in the risk of ketosis and fatty liver in dairy cows was determined.Material and MethodsIn total, 21 control and 17 ketotic Holstein Friesian cows with a β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration of 1.20 mmol/L as a cut-off point were selected. The risk prediction thresholds for ketosis were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsIn the ketosis group, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity and concentration of PON-1 and glucose (GLU) were decreased, and aminotransferase (AST) activity as well as BHBA and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) contents were increased. The plasma activity and concentration of PON-1 were significantly positively correlated with the level of plasma GLU. The plasma activity and concentration of PON-1 were significantly negatively correlated with the levels of AST and BHBA. According to ROC curve analysis, warning indexes of ketosis were: plasma PON-1 concentration of 46.79 nmol/L, GLU concentration of 3.04 mmol/L, AST concentration of 100 U/L, and NEFA concentration of 0.82 mmol/L.ConclusionThis study showed that the levels of PON-1, GLU, AST, and NEFA could be used as indicators to predict the risk of ketosis in dairy cows.

Combination of Sensor Data and Health Monitoring for Early Detection of Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cows

“…In addition, in accordance with [10], the prevalence of SCK in multiparous animals is slightly higher, although there is no significant difference. Our results corroborate the findings in [35] where the authors also found a significant difference in NEFA concentration between healthy and ketotic cows.…”

Identifying poor metabolic adaptation during early lactation in dairy cows using cluster analysis

“…However, 0.82 mmol/L is not included in our separation value's confidence intervals of 0.650 to 0.775 mmol/L. In addition to differences in breed and case definitions, the difference in NEFA separation values between Cao et al (2017) and our study could be due to the difference in ability to identify subtle indications of PMAS of the individual performing the exam.…”

“…The indications for poor metabolic adaptation to negative energy balance (NEB) during early lactation are secondary to the high energy demands of milk production and a concurrent decrease in DMI that is independent of milk production demands (Baird, 1982). Expected indications of PMAS include elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin, decreased rumen fill, reduced rumen contractions, and a decrease in milk production (Ghanem et al, 2016;Issi et al, 2016;Cao et al, 2017). Cows with PMAS typically are higher producing, older cows that are earlier in lactation and have greater BCS at the start of lactation (Baird, 1982;Rukkwamsuk et al, 1999;Andrews et al, 2004;Ghanem et al, 2016).…”

“…The separation values we determined for these data [NEFA <0.39 (95% CI: 0.360-0.410) mmol/L to identify low PMAS observations and ≥0.7 (95% CI: 0.650-0.775) mmol/L to identify high PMAS observations) were similar to those values used to predict negative health outcomes later during lactation. Cao et al (2017) suggested NEFA values greater than 0.82 mmol/L as the cut-off for diagnosing cows with BHB greater than 1.2 mmol/L and clinical symptoms such as anorexia and a reduction in milk yield. Considering that Cao et al (2017) examined Holsteins exclusively and used a case definition of cows with BHB greater than 1.2 mmol/L and clinical symptoms, their reported cut-off values for NEFA were surprisingly similar to the high PMAS separation value determined in our study that examined predominantly Simmentals.…”

“…Cao et al (2017) suggested NEFA values greater than 0.82 mmol/L as the cut-off for diagnosing cows with BHB greater than 1.2 mmol/L and clinical symptoms such as anorexia and a reduction in milk yield. Considering that Cao et al (2017) examined Holsteins exclusively and used a case definition of cows with BHB greater than 1.2 mmol/L and clinical symptoms, their reported cut-off values for NEFA were surprisingly similar to the high PMAS separation value determined in our study that examined predominantly Simmentals. However, 0.82 mmol/L is not included in our separation value's confidence intervals of 0.650 to 0.775 mmol/L.…”