Predictive Validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory with Youth who have Committed Sexual and Non-Sexual Offenses

Schmidt, Fred; Sinclair, Sarah M.; Thomasdóttir, Sólveig

doi:10.1177/0093854815603389

Cited by 37 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Research in a youth detention setting found risk assessments were overridden more regularly for offenders of certain demographics (Chappell, Maggard, & Higgins, 2012). Furthermore, when risk is adjusted, it is most often to increase rather than decrease risk; these studies find that the effect of these overrides reduces predictive validity to the level of chance (Schmidt, Sinclair, & Thomasdottir, 2016;Wormith, Hogg, & Guzzo, 2012).…”

Section: Offender Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Impact of Probation and Parole Officers’ Attitudes about Offenders on Professional Practices

Schaefer

Williams

2018

Corrections

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There is a large literature examining public attitudes toward offenders, but fewer studies have examined the perceptions held by criminal justice actors. While many projects evaluate the role orientations of these staff, research rarely investigates the beliefs these individuals hold about the offenders they work with. This study addresses this gap through a survey of probation and parole staff, measuring how their attitudes toward the clients they work with influence supervision strategies, role orientations, job burnout and stress, and the use of case management tools. Results indicate that probation and parole staff who are generally pessimistic about offenders and see crime as a personal choice are more compliant with assessment and case management tools, while officers who are optimistic about offenders' ability to change and see crime as a consequence of circumstance are more likely to be noncompliant with the data entry process in the completion of risk and needs instruments. These findings provide important insights into the motivations of community corrections staff and suggest that work is needed to translate best practices into routine practices.

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Section: Offender Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Impact of Probation and Parole Officers’ Attitudes about Offenders on Professional Practices

Schaefer

Williams

2018

Corrections

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“…For example, one of the studies had separate samples for blacks and whites, so both were included in the meta-analyses. The other (Schmidt, Sinclair, & Thomasdottir, 2015) had separate samples for sexual offenders and non-sexual offenders, so both samples were used. …”

Section: Studies Were Conducted In a Wide Variety Of Geographical Locmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Risk Assessment in Juvenile Offenders: A Meta-Analysis

Pusch

Holtfreter

2017

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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Although young males are still the primary perpetrators of juvenile crime, girls are increasingly coming into contact with the criminal justice system. While girls may have different pathways to crime and risks for recidivism than boys, their risk to reoffend is typically assessed using a gender-neutral tool that is based on social learning theory: a theory originally developed and tested on males. With the appropriateness of using gender-neutral tools to assess female criminality coming into question, a number of researchers have searched for a resolution. To date, mixed findings on the predictive validity of risk assessment tools have not provided any definitive answers. To help assess the predictive validity of the Youth Level of Service Inventory, separate meta-analyses were conducted for male and female juvenile offenders using previous studies. The mean effect sizes were compared in order to determine whether the predictive validity is similar for both males and females. With the exception of violent recidivism, results indicate that the YLS/CMI works equally well for male and female offenders. The implications of these findings for theory, research, and correctional policy are discussed.ii

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“…While these studies echo research on implementation issues tied to departures in other contexts (Cohen, Pendergast, & VanBenschoten, 2016; Schmidt et al, 2016), they rarely frame circumvention in formal decisions as indicative of resistance to new policies. Instead, departures motioned by prosecutors—prompted more directly by judicial intervention—are usually seen as compliant with exemptions or motivated by (largely stable) focal concerns related to the perceived dangerousness or blameworthiness of defendants (Johnson et al, 2008; Lehmann et al, 2019; Stemen et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

From Bright Plots to Blind Spots: Mapping Departures in Case Review Post-Bail Reform in Two New Jersey Courts

Rengifo¹,

Flores

Jackson

2020

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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This study documents the extent to which prosecutors and judges in New Jersey deviate from new case review protocols post-bail reform. We draw on a random sample of hearings observed in two courts ( N = 372) to (a) map prosecutorial requests to depart from risk-based recommendations for pretrial monitoring and (b) explore patterns in judicial review signaling more limited case processing. Findings show that in 16% of cases, prosecutors deviated from guidelines and most of these motions were adopted by judges to increase supervision. Deviations from process by judges were more frequent, with 39% of cases observed linked to one or more markers of reduced review. Multivariate results suggest that case-level factors influenced the patterning of these departures in different ways, with older defendants and most Latinx defendants receiving a more limited assessment of their cases. We discuss findings in connection to literature on corrections reform and smart decarceration initiatives.

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Predictive Validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory with Youth who have Committed Sexual and Non-Sexual Offenses

Cited by 37 publications

References 41 publications

The Impact of Probation and Parole Officers’ Attitudes about Offenders on Professional Practices

The Impact of Probation and Parole Officers’ Attitudes about Offenders on Professional Practices

Gender and Risk Assessment in Juvenile Offenders: A Meta-Analysis

From Bright Plots to Blind Spots: Mapping Departures in Case Review Post-Bail Reform in Two New Jersey Courts

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