Predictive validity of developmental screening in young children with sickle cell disease: a longitudinal follow‐up study

Schatz, Jeffrey; Schlenz, Alyssa M; Smith, Kelsey; Roberts, Carla W.

doi:10.1111/dmcn.13689

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This may be an artificial effect related to small numbers since most of our patients were non‐Hispanic Black or Hispanic, or it could suggest a vulnerability in our school system. Disease type and risk level based on health care claims were associated with some differences in chronic absenteeism but no differences were seen in the school attendance analysis which is surprising; we had expected higher health care utilization indicated worse disease control and/or worse disease severity, and that would be associated with poorer school attendance 28‐33 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Trends in School Attendance for Low‐Income Children with Chronic Health Conditions: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Martin

Caskey

Glassgow

et al. 2021

Journal of School Health

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BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to determine how school attendance changed over time for children on Medicaid with chronic health conditions enrolled in a comprehensive care coordination program called Coordinated HEalthcare for Complex Kids (CHECK). METHODS Medicaid beneficiaries from one managed care organization were randomized into 2 arms: CHECK program services or usual care. The final sample was 1322. RESULTS The mean age was 10.9 (SD = 3.7) years old and children were mostly non‐Hispanic Black (62.6%) or Hispanic (34.9%). The median school attendance at baseline was 94.9% (IQR 88.9, 97.9); over one‐fourth of children (28.4%) were chronically absent. School attendance was not associated with race/ethnicity, risk level, and health condition. In a model including a significant time/grade interaction, school attendance increased over time for children in pre‐kindergarten (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.68; p < .001) and kindergarten to 5th grade (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.26; p < .001), and decreased for children in 6th to 8th grade (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.83; p < .001). No differences were seen in school attendance or chronic absenteeism associated with enrollment in the CHECK program. CONCLUSIONS School attendance improved for most of the low‐income children with chronic health conditions in our cohort, except for children in middle school.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Trends in School Attendance for Low‐Income Children with Chronic Health Conditions: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Martin

Caskey

Glassgow

et al. 2021

Journal of School Health

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“…12 However, as Schatz et al showed, developmental screening in both toddler-aged and school-aged children can predict later poor academic achievement and grade retention. 13 Prior to now, the only screening for poor academic performance (PAP) at our institution's sickle cell clinic was to ask for parental concerns regarding their child's school performance and whether an IEP/504 was in place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study to screen for poor academic performance in children with sickle cell disease in the outpatient setting

Karkoska

Zaheer

Chen

et al. 2020

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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Background Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk for neurocognitive deficits, which can lead to effects on academic performance and later job attainment. However, screening in children at high risk for poor academic performance (PAP) in a clinic setting has been limited. The goal was to identify young children with SCD at high risk for PAP via administration of a standardized screening tool at the clinic visit. Procedure Parents of 20 patients were asked to complete the Behavior Assessment System for Children, 3rd edition (BASC‐3) Parent Rating Scale. Children ages six to nine years and all SCD genotypes were included. Those patients who scored at least 1 standard deviation below the mean were considered high risk. Statistics was used to associate demographic, academic, and laboratory data with risk status (RS). Results Four of 20 patients (20%) were found to be at risk by the BASC‐3. A significant association was found between those with a history of PAP and RS (P = 0.001). A trend toward association was found between baseline hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, and RS. Children not at risk had a higher hemoglobin level and lower reticulocyte count (P = 0.37 and P = 0.20, respectively). Those on hydroxyurea were significantly less likely to score as at risk (P = 0.014), whereas those with siblings may be at greater risk (P = 0.037). Conclusion(s) A parent‐directed screening tool may identify children with SCD in need of additional school support. Further prospective studies are necessary to understand correlations found between hemoglobin, reticulocyte count, and hydroxyurea treatment and risk for PAP.

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“…In addition, these same children had elevated risks for abnormal TCD and stroke on magnetic resonance imaging. 3 Schatz et al's study demonstrates the value in completing developmental and cognitive screening in this high-risk population. Screening results may be helpful in implementing a more thorough imaging screening program and more aggressive referral program for early intervention services like speech, occupational and physical therapy, and academic support.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Deficits are present at a young age; developmental delay has been documented in 25% to 50% of clinic populations of preschool-aged children with SCD. 2,3 Those affected are usually African American and living at or near the poverty level. These factors are major obstacles for the children as they enter an academic setting.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although SCD is considered a rare disease, the burden of the condition is high. Knowing that a child with hemoglobin SS has a pre-test probability of 25% to 50% for developmental delay, 2,3 a 40% chance of silent stroke that is associated with a drop of five IQ points, 5 and a 15% to 28% chance of failing a grade, 3 it seems unimaginable that a pediatrician wouldn't advocate for their own child with SCD to be thoroughly screened, treated, and supported. Indeed, if my own child had SCD, I would order the tests.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Children with sickle cell disease: the case for developmental screening

King

2018

Develop Med Child Neuro

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participation. In this study, the authors used the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) to measure perceived changes in the performance of individually selected community-based activities. The COPM and Goal Attainment Scaling have been sensitive to change in other environment-and participation-focused intervention studies.2,4 Both measures individualize the targeted outcome and the meaning of change for each participant. Such approaches appear able to capture the meaningful changes that result from interventions such as PREP.In contrast, in a recent literature review of interventions targeting participation, studies that measured participation using measures such as the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and the School Functional Assessment did not observe significant changes in participation.1 Although these measures have documented reliability and validity, they measure participation more globally across a range of activities. It is possible that changes on these global measures would only be observed after sustained interventions that address the multiple components impacting young people's participation across multiple contexts.One issue requiring careful investigation is the identification of essential 'active ingredients' of environmentfocused interventions. The PREP approach, like many other environment-and participation-focused interventions, includes multiple active ingredients; these include individualization of participation outcomes and strategies used to achieve outcomes, a coaching approach to facilitate learning, and the application of knowledge and skills in community-based settings. The field has not identified the active ingredients most essential to facilitate participation or determined if the ingredients essential for change vary across young people and contexts.In summary, Anaby et al.'s study provides a model for other researchers and raises important methodological questions for future inquiry. In addition, the PREP intervention points to the promising role of environmentfocused interventions to support young people with disabilities to realize their rights to full participation.

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Predictive validity of developmental screening in young children with sickle cell disease: a longitudinal follow‐up study

Abstract: Developmental screening predicts academic outcomes in sickle cell disease. Children with concerning language/cognitive screenings have early-onset school difficulties. Developmental screenings may help predict cerebrovascular complications.

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Trends in School Attendance for Low‐Income Children with Chronic Health Conditions: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Trends in School Attendance for Low‐Income Children with Chronic Health Conditions: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

A pilot study to screen for poor academic performance in children with sickle cell disease in the outpatient setting

Children with sickle cell disease: the case for developmental screening

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