Predictive Validity of Adolescent Callous-Unemotional Traits and Conduct Problems with Respect to Adult Outcomes: High- and Low-Risk Samples

Goulter, Natalie; Oberth, Carla; McMahon, Robert J.; Lansford, Jennifer E.; Dodge, Kenneth A.; Crowley, Des; Bates, John E.; Pettit, Gregory S.

doi:10.1007/s10578-022-01334-7

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Other burden estimates suggest conduct disorder accounts for 5.75 million years lived with disability globally (Erskine et al., 2014). Left untreated, conduct problems confer risk for elevated mental and physical health problems, greater public services utilization, as well as increased likelihood of participation in violent and criminal behavior throughout the lifespan (Bevilacqua, Hale, Barker, & Viner, 2018; Goulter, Oberth, et al., 2022; Odgers et al., 2008; Rivenbark et al., 2018). A distinction is also made between childhood‐onset versus adolescent‐onset conduct problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kindergarten conduct problems are associated with monetized outcomes in adolescence and adulthood

Goulter

Hur

Jones

et al. 2023

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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BackgroundAcross several sites in the United States, we examined whether kindergarten conduct problems among mostly population‐representative samples of children were associated with increased criminal and related (criminal + lost offender productivity + victim; described as criminal + victim hereafter) costs across adolescence and adulthood, as well as government and medical services costs in adulthood.MethodsParticipants (N = 1,339) were from two multisite longitudinal studies: Fast Track (n = 754) and the Child Development Project (n = 585). Parents and teachers reported on kindergarten conduct problems, administrative and national database records yielded indexes of criminal offending, and participants self‐reported their government and medical service use. Outcomes were assigned costs, and significant associations were adjusted for inflation to determine USD 2020 costs.ResultsA 1SD increase in kindergarten conduct problems was associated with a $21,934 increase in adolescent criminal + victim costs, a $63,998 increase in adult criminal + victim costs, a $12,753 increase in medical services costs, and a $146,279 increase in total costs. In the male sample, a 1SD increase in kindergarten conduct problems was associated with a $28,530 increase in adolescent criminal + victim costs, a $58,872 increase in adult criminal + victim costs, and a $144,140 increase in total costs. In the female sample, a 1SD increase in kindergarten conduct problems was associated with a $15,481 increase in adolescent criminal + victim costs, a $62,916 increase in adult criminal + victim costs, a $24,105 increase in medical services costs, and a $144,823 increase in total costs.ConclusionsThis investigation provides evidence of the long‐term costs associated with early‐starting conduct problems, which is important information that can be used by policymakers to support research and programs investing in a strong start for children.

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