“…Retrospective data collection or information from electronic medical records of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University included data from biochemical analysis conducted using a Labospect 008 autoanalyzer (Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The extracted data encompassed details such as serum UA, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, serum creatinine, urine proteinto-creatinine ratio (UPCR), and patient characteristics, including age, sex, medication, blood pressure, and BMI [12][13][14]. The eGFR for each patient was determined using the isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) traceable 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula, incorporating the 3-variable Japanese equation: 194 × serum creatinine -1.094 × age -0.287 × 0.739 (if female) [14][15][16][17].…”