Abstract:This paper addresses the problem of task allocation over a heterogeneous team of human operators and robotic agents with the object of improving mission efficiency and reducing costs. A distributed systems-level predictive approach is presented which simultaneously plans schedules for the human operators and robotic agents while accounting for agent availability, workload and coordination requirements. The approach is inspired by the Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm (CBBA), a distributed task allocation framew… Show more
“…Ponda 52 described the development of a real-time decision making framework that allocated tasks for a heterogeneous HRT. The predictive model developed schedules for all of the agents based on agent availability, workload, and any coordination requirements between the humans and robots needed to complete the given task.…”
Section: Hierarchical and Distributed Decision Makingmentioning
Humans and robots have been increasingly used not only in the same workspace, but as team members that interact to accomplish overall mission goals. With a multitude of options developing for how humans and robots can simultaneously participate on a team, it has become necessary to quantitatively analyze the performance of the heterogeneous teams to enable comparison between different team configurations. This paper contains a survey of the field of collaborative human and robot team performance metric models, and examines existing overall team quantitative performance models to determine which are more applicable to future human and robotic space exploration missions.
“…Ponda 52 described the development of a real-time decision making framework that allocated tasks for a heterogeneous HRT. The predictive model developed schedules for all of the agents based on agent availability, workload, and any coordination requirements between the humans and robots needed to complete the given task.…”
Section: Hierarchical and Distributed Decision Makingmentioning
Humans and robots have been increasingly used not only in the same workspace, but as team members that interact to accomplish overall mission goals. With a multitude of options developing for how humans and robots can simultaneously participate on a team, it has become necessary to quantitatively analyze the performance of the heterogeneous teams to enable comparison between different team configurations. This paper contains a survey of the field of collaborative human and robot team performance metric models, and examines existing overall team quantitative performance models to determine which are more applicable to future human and robotic space exploration missions.
“…In contrast, the Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm (CBBA) originally presented in 33,34 consists of an auction process which is performed at the task level rather than at the bundle level, where agents build their bundles in a sequential greedy fashion. The real-time implementation of CBBA has been demonstrated for heterogeneous teams and the algorithm has been extended to account for timing considerations associated with task execution [40][41][42] .…”
This work presents a decentralized task allocation algorithm for networked agents communicating through an asynchronous channel. The algorithm extends the Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm (CBBA) to account for more realistic asynchronous communication protocols. Direct implementation of CBBA into such an asynchronous setting requires agents to frequently broadcast their information states, which would cause significant communication overflow. In contrast, the extension proposed in this paper, named Asynchronous CBBA (ACBBA), minimizes communication load while preserving the convergence properties. ACBBA applies a new set of local deconfliction rules that do not require access to the global information state. This new deconfliction protocol also features consistent handling of out-of-order messages and detection of redundant information. A real-time software implementation using multiple PCs communicating through the user datagram protocol (UDP) validates the proposed algorithm.
“…However, mission performance would be improved through coordination between the teams. This paper presents a decentralized algorithm based on the Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm (CBBA) [1], [2], [3], [4]. Inspired by the human centered model, in this paper we extend the CBBA to a hierarchical team structure by incorporating an "outer-loop" Team CBBA.…”
The Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm (CBBA) is incorporated into a hierarchical concept of operation. In the Team CBBA each team of unmanned vehicles plans for all agents in the team to service a set of tasks. This team planning is carried out separately using the traditional CBBA. An "outer-loop" Team CBBA strategy is presented that coordinates planning between teams of agents. The hierarchical structure of the Team CBBA gives an manageable architecture for large numbers of unmanned agents through human centered operations. This is because each (small) team would be managed by a human operator with the Team CBBA coordinating between teams.
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