Predictive modeling of PWAS-coupled shear horizontal waves

Ultrasonic Sensing and Actuation in Laminate Structures Using Bondline-Embedded d35 Piezoelectric Sensors

“…In Equations (3) and (4), is the shear stress in the plane, is the mechanical shear strain in the plane, is the stiffness coefficient, is the electric field, is the electric displacement, is the material dielectric permittivity at zero mechanical stress, and is the stress coupling constant between the electric field applied in the -direction and mechanical shear strain in the plane. The impedance response of a free shear-mode piezoelectric transducer was derived by Kamal et al [ 11 ]: …”

“…There have been relatively few studies considering the use of d35 PZT piezoelectric transducers for sensing and actuation of ultrasonic waves [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Kamal and Giurgiutiu [ 11 , 12 ] investigated shear horizontal (SH) waves induced by shear-mode piezoelectric transducers mounted on the surface of aluminum plates. A closed-form solution was derived to predict the wave propagation of SH waves in a simple structure.…”

In-Situ Measurement Via E/M Impedance Spectroscopy Technique Using Shear Horizontal Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors

“…A different mode of oscillation can be achieved when the applied electric field is applied perpendicular to the poling direction; and it is referred as shear mode. For most piezoelectric materials, the coupling coefficients associated with shear mode have the largest value of all coefficients [13]. The higher values of shear coupling coefficients make SH-PWAS superior in actuation and sensing.…”

“…In in-plane mode, applying an electric field in thickness direction E3 causes the sensor lateral dimensions to increase or decrease, a longitudinal strain will occur  1 d 13 E 3 where d 13 is the piezoelectric coupling coefficient measured in [m/V]. Thickness mode is a mode that occurs simultaneously with extension mode, but dominates at higher frequencies in MHz, in which strain in the thickness direction will occur  3 d 33 E 3 , where d 33 is the piezoelectric coupling coefficient in thickness direction [12].…”

“…[13] developed a one dimensional analytical model for EMIS of SH-PWAS (Fig. 2) under stress-free boundary condition using the resonator theory with constant electric field assumption as seen in Eq.…”