Predictive Maximum Power Point Tracking for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System

Fam, Jye Yun; Wong, Shen Yuong; Basri, Hazrul Mohamed; Abdullah, Mohammad Omar; Lias, Kasumawati; Mekhilef, Saad

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3129849

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Particularly, the output voltage generated by a single fuel cell is approximately

= 1.2 V, which is the result of four different voltage phenomena [ 35 ], this is:

where

is the open-circuit voltage (also called reversible or Nernst voltage),

is the activation voltage loss that represents the slowness of the electrode surface reactions,

is the ohmic voltage loss that represents the resistance to the flow of electrons and ions, and

is the voltage concentration loss that represents the reduction in the concentration of the reactants at the surface of the electrodes [ 1 , 4 , 36 ]. For instance, in Figure 2 , the relationship between the output voltage

and current density is shown.…”

Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Passivity-Based Control for Output Voltage Regulation in a Fuel Cell/Boost Converter System

et al. 2023

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In this paper, a passivity-based control (PBC) scheme for output voltage regulation in a fuel-cell/boost converter system is designed and validated through real-time numerical results. The proposed control scheme is designed as a current-mode control (CMC) scheme with an outer loop (voltage) for voltage regulation and an inner loop (current) for current reference tracking. The inner loop’s design considers the Euler–Lagrange (E-L) formulation to implement a standard PBC and the outer loop is implemented through a standard PI controller. Furthermore, an adaptive law based on immersion and invariance (I&I) theory is designed to enhance the closed-loop system behavior through asymptotic approximation of uncertain parameters such as load and inductor parasitic resistance. The closed-loop system is tested under two scenarios using real-time simulations, where precision and robustness are shown with respect to variations in the fuel cell voltage, load, and output voltage reference.

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“…Particularly, the output voltage generated by a single fuel cell is approximately

= 1.2 V, which is the result of four different voltage phenomena [ 35 ], this is:

where

is the open-circuit voltage (also called reversible or Nernst voltage),

is the activation voltage loss that represents the slowness of the electrode surface reactions,

is the ohmic voltage loss that represents the resistance to the flow of electrons and ions, and

and current density is shown.…”

Section: System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interest in fuel cells (FCs) has been increasing because of the technology’s advantages such as high efficiency, zero

emissions, high power density, and scalability [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Additionally, FC technology is helping achieve an energy transition towards greener fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passivity-Based Control for Output Voltage Regulation in a Fuel Cell/Boost Converter System

et al. 2023

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“…where R ohmic is the ohmic resistance. Finally, the activation voltage drop, ∆V act can be expressed as follows [35]:…”

Section: A Modeling Of the Pemfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Nonlinear Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Controller for a PEM Fuel Cell Based on a DC-DC Boost Converter

et al. 2022

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This paper proposes a robust nonlinear controller for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell coupled with a DC-DC boost converter. The key feature is to maintain the desired reference output voltage despite significant disturbances while improving transient stability. In order to do this, a nonlinear robust integral terminal sliding mode controller (ITSMC) is proposed, along with the derivation of the control law, explanation of the reachability analysis, and stability condition. An adapted integral sliding surface is used to capture the dynamics caused by variations in the input voltage and loads. In addition, a modified reaching law is proposed to guarantee the finite time convergence while reducing the chattering. Afterward, the Lyapunov control theory is employed to evaluate the DC-DC boost converter's large-signal stability while guaranteeing the resilience of the proposed controller. Finally, the applicability of the proposed controller is evaluated through comprehensive analyses on both the simulation platform and the real-time processor-inloop (PIL) platform under various operating conditions, such as the variation in load resistance, reference output voltage, etc. All of the results, when compared to an existing integral terminal sliding mode controller, indicate quick reference tracking capability with reduced overshoots and robustness against disturbances.INDEX TERMS Control Lyapunov function, integral terminal sliding mode controller, DC-DC boost converter, Fuel cell.

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“…Te merits of this conventional online controller are easy design, less complexity in implementation, more fexibility, easy handling, and good static response of the system. However, this controller gives high oscillations across the functioning point of the fuel stack [24]. So, the P&O controller drawbacks are compensated by integrating the IC MPPT controller along with the PEMFS system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Design and Analysis Adaptive Hybrid ANFIS MPPT Controller for PEMFC-Fed EV Systems

Touti,

Aoudia,

Hussaian Basha

et al. 2024

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

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Now, the present electric vehicle industry is focusing on the fuel cell technology because its features are high flexibility, continuous power supply, less atmospheric pollution, fast startup, and rapid response. However, the fuel cell gives nonlinear power versus current characteristics. Due to this nonlinear behavior, the maximum power extraction from the fuel stack is quite difficult. So, in this work, an adaptive genetic algorithm with an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ACS with ANFIS) MPPT controller is introduced for finding the MPP of the fuel stack system thereby extracting the peak power from the fuel stack. The proposed hybrid maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller is compared with the other MPPT controllers which are enhanced incremental conductance-fuzzy logic controller (EIC with FLC), improved hill climb with fuzzy logic controller (IHC with FLC), adaptive beta with FLC, enhanced differential evolutionary with FLC (EDE with FLC), and marine predators optimization with FLC (MPO with FLC). Here, these hybrid controllers’ comprehensive investigations have been carried out in terms of tracking speed of the MPP, oscillations across the MPP, settling time of the converter voltage, maximum power extraction from the fuel stack, and working efficiency of the MPPT controller. The fuel stack generates a very low output voltage which is improved by using the boost DC-DC converter, and the overall fuel stack-fed boost converter system is designed by utilizing the MATLAB/Simulink tool. From the simulation results, the AGA with ANFIS MPPT controller gives high MPP tracking efficiency when compared to the other hybrid controller.

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Predictive Maximum Power Point Tracking for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Passivity-Based Control for Output Voltage Regulation in a Fuel Cell/Boost Converter System

Passivity-Based Control for Output Voltage Regulation in a Fuel Cell/Boost Converter System

Design of a Nonlinear Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Controller for a PEM Fuel Cell Based on a DC-DC Boost Converter

A Novel Design and Analysis Adaptive Hybrid ANFIS MPPT Controller for PEMFC-Fed EV Systems

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