Predictive Maintenance of VRLA Batteries in UPS towards Reliable Data Centers

Tang, Jingxian; Du, J.; Lin, Yi-Ting; Jia, Qing‐Shan

doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.854

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The versatile metal lead, with a history of extensive applications across various industries and an indispensable role in daily life, has been utilized by mankind for thousands of years. Lead-acid batteries (LABs) are not only extensively employed in vehicles, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and backup power systems , but also utilized in renewable energy storage systems, such as solar and wind power, − accounting for approximately 82% of consumption. , Due to its exceptional resistance to corrosion and remarkable malleability, lead is extensively utilized in the construction industry, with applications in roofing, plumbing systems, and radiation shielding. − The perovskite compound of the type MAPbX 3 , known for its outstanding photovoltaic performance attributed to its lead-based organic groups, has been widely studied. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recyclable Recovery of Lead from Zinc Hydrometallurgy Residue: By NH₄Cl-MgCl₂ Leaching and Novel Cyclone-Electrowinning

Liao,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Lead sulfate residue, generated from the leaching of low-grade zinc oxide derived from rotary kilns with a lead content of 35−45%, is toxic and hazardous. Nonetheless, it also constitutes a valuable secondary lead resource. In this study, a novel, recyclable method was employed to recover lead. The results of the Response Surface analysis demonstrated that the leaching rate of lead achieved 97% when the main leaching reagent NH 4 Cl was 200 g L −1 , the assistant leaching reagent MgCl 2 was 140 g L −1 along with the leaching time of 1.5 h and temperature of 90 °C by utilizing CaCl 2 as a sulfate radical precipitator and fixing a liquid−solid ratio of 20:1. Lead powder was obtained by utilizing a novel upsidedown cyclone-electrowinning method without harmful gas emission. The current density in relation to current efficiency (CE) and power consumption was also investigated. The electrolyte could be recycled back for leaching after ammonia supplementation, thus forming a circular procedure, providing an effective and environmentally friendly method for disposing the lead sulfate residue.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recyclable Recovery of Lead from Zinc Hydrometallurgy Residue: By NH₄Cl-MgCl₂ Leaching and Novel Cyclone-Electrowinning

Liao,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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show abstract

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] LIBs have extensive applications not only in electronic products, but also in various large-scale sectors, including the electric vehicle (EV) industry, [7][8][9][10][11] energy storage system (ESS) market, [12][13][14][15][16] and artificial intelligence (AI) and information technology (IT) industries. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] This rapid increase in demand is expected to make LIBs a dominant force in the automotive industry over the next decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%