Predictive Factors of Potential Malignant Transformation in Recurrent Calcifying Cystic Odontogenic Tumor: Review of the Literature

Abstract

Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT) demonstrates considerable diversity in histopathology and clinical behavior. Ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (GCOC) is the rare malignant counterpart of CCOT and it frequently arises from malignant transformation of a recurrent CCOT. In this paper, we present a case of CCOT and discuss its distinct histopathologic features in recurrence. Then, we will have a review on clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects of GCOC in the literature. Predictive factors of malignant transformation in a benign CCOT will also be discussed.

Metastatic Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma: Description of a Case and Search for Actionable Targets

“… 9 GCOC can present de novo , however, it may also present as a malignant transformation of recurrent CCOT or DGCT. 3 , 4 The ability of CCOT or DGCT to transform into the malignant variant, GCOC, has been linked to level of expression of Ki-67, a biomarker of cell proliferation. In almost all reported studies, Ki-67 is weakly expressed in CCOT or DGCT, however, expression is strong in GCOC.…”

“… 1 , 2 In general, these neoplasms have a very unpredictable course that ranges from indolence to potential fatality. 1 , 3 , 4 …”

Malignant transformation of calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour – a review of literature

“…Painful swelling with local paraesthesia is the most common symptom of ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma [ 12 ]. Some authors reported of infiltrative growth, root resorption and tooth displacements in cases of GCOC [ 16 , 17 ]. Radiographic examinations showed a mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion with a moderately defined border.…”

Calcifying odontogenic cyst: A case report

“…A calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is a benign developmental cystic lesion with rare malignant transformation documented in the literature. COC is a hybrid lesion of the jaw exhibiting a diverse variety of clinical behaviours and histopathological features including cystic, solid (neoplastic) and aggressive variations.…”