Predictive equations of maintenance energy requirement for healthy and chronically ill adult dogs

Pedrinelli, Vivian; Porsani, Mariana Yukari Hayasaki; Lima, Daniel Magalhães; Teixeira, Fernando Ribeiro; Duarte, Caio Nogueira; Vendramini, Thiago Henrique Annibale; Brunetto, Márcio Antônio

doi:10.1111/jpn.13184

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This finding is again consistent with the results of other studies, and is suggested to be related to altered behavior leading to food intake and decreased physical activity 25,28,33 . Although no association was found between age at neutering and body www.nature.com/scientificreports/ condition score, previous studies have suggested that early-age neutering can favor the maintenance of ideal body condition 33,34 . Age has also previously been associated with body condition in dogs, with the prevalence of overweight status being greater in middle age and senior dogs 2,5,6,9,23,27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Prevalence of canine obesity in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

Porsani

Teixeira

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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canine obesity is associated with comorbidities, a shortened lifespan, and a poorer quality of life, but epidemiological studies characterizing canine obesity in Latin America are scarce. therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of canine obesity in the city of Sao paulo, Brazil, and the possible associated causal factors. Randomly-selected households from different city regions were visited. Dogs in each household were evaluated and owners completed a questionnaire whilst their anthropometric measures were taken. Total of 285 dogs from 221 owners were included, and the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 40.5%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was greater in female dogs (P = 0.003) and in dogs that were neutered (P = 0.001). There was also a positive association between BcS and frequency of visits to a veterinarian (P = 0.026), feeding frequency (P = 0.033), and higher snack intake (P = 0.011). Further, the BCS of dogs was greater when their owners reported consuming more snacks themselves (P = 0.005) and whose had a presence of elderly people in the household (P = 0.006). In conclusion, the prevalence of obesity found in a Brazilian metropolitan region was similar to that if other countries, and neutering and snack intake were associated with the development of this disease. Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of adipose tissue to the point that health is adversely affected, (BROOKS) 1 and adverse effects in dogs include comorbidities 2 , reduced quality of life, and a shortened lifespan 3 (Alonso). Body condition scoring (BCS) is the current method used to determining adiposity, with a 9-unit system most widely recommended 4. Using such a system, dogs with a BCS of 6 or 7 are defined as having an overweight condition, whilst those with a BCS of 8 or 9 have obesity. There has been a significant increase in obesity prevalence over the last 30 years 5 , with the current prevalence of obesity. The estimate obese and overweight dog population assessed in veterinary hospitals has been determined in the United States, United Kingdom, China, Japan, and Spain, which place obesity prevalence at 5 to 20% and overweight between 20 and 30% 2,6-8. Several factors are associated with the development of obesity including genetics, environmental, behavioral, and sociocultural factors 6,9-11. Owner factors are also implicated, including feeding practices (e.g. offering excessive food) and providing physical activity. Sometimes, owner behavior results from misinformation about appropriate pet care, and they might even transfer their unhealthy feeding habits to their pets 6,7,11. Until now, information has been scarce regarding canine obesity epidemiology and owner profile in Latin America. Most notably, the current prevalence of overweight and obesity in the canine pet population is not known, whilst more information is required regarding owner factors associated with its development in this region. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the current prevalence of overweight and obes...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Prevalence of canine obesity in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

Porsani

Teixeira

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…According to the recommendations by FEDIAF [9], the MER of inactive dogs can vary from 80 to 120kcal/kg 0.75 . Pedrinelli et al [42] observed mean MER for adult dogs of 86.1±19.8 kcal/BW 0.75 . For those animals with low MER, the nutrient concentrations in the food should be higher, to ensure the intake of at least the minimum requirements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Nutritional inadequacies in commercial vegan foods for dogs and cats

et al. 2020

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the macronutrients composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, and essential minerals content of all vegan foods for dogs and cats available in the Brazilian market, and to compare results with FEDIAF (2019) and AAFCO (2019) recommendations. Four vegan pet foods were assessed (three for dogs and one for cats). The comparisons were made in a descriptive manner. All foods met the minimum recommendations for macronutrients. Arachidonic acid was not reported in any food label. Regarding the FEDIAF recommendations, one food for dogs had low calcium, another had low potassium and a third had low sodium. The cat food presented potassium content lower than recommended. The Ca:P ratio did not meet the minimum recommendation of FEDIAF (2019) and AAFCO (2019) in any of the dog's foods analyzed, and the cat food also did not present the minimum recommendation based on FEDIAF (2019). Copper concentrations exceeded the legal limit in all foods. Zinc concentrations exceeded this limit in two foods (one for dogs and one for cats) and iron levels exceeded the legal limit in one dog food. One of the dog foods did not meet the minimum recommendation for methionine and the cat food did not meet the minimum recommendation for arginine. In addition, when the amount of nutrients consumed by animals with low energy requirements was simulated, in addition to the same non-conformities described above, it was observed that the cat food does not meet the minimum recommended of protein and taurine in unit/Kg 0.67 . It was concluded that all foods analyzed had one or more nutrients below the recommended levels and some presented zinc and copper excess, therefore, these foods should not be recommended for dogs and cats, because dietary deficiencies found may lead to health risks for dogs and cats. Furthermore, manufacturers should review their formulations to ensure the nutritional adequacy of these foods.

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“…Reduction in body weight was considered significant for a 5% weight loss over 3 months, or a 10% weight loss over 6 months. RER was calculated by the following formula: 70 × (Kg of body weight) 0.75 [ 10 ]. Metabolic acidosis was defined as a condition of blood pH < 7.35, and bicarbonate < 18 mmol/L [ 11 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acids in Dogs at Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Lippi

Perondi

Pierini

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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Abnormalities of serum amino acid profile, mostly characterized by a reduction in essential amino acids (EAAs) and an increase in non-essential amino acids (NEAAs), have been documented in human chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Amino acid disorders have been associated with CKD complications, such as metabolic acidosis and malnutrition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate EAAs and NEAAs in dogs affected by CKD at different IRIS stages, with particular reference to calcium–phosphate abnormalities, metabolic acidosis, and protein-energy wasting syndrome (PEW). Serum EAAs (L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-threonine, tryptophan, L-valine, and L-arginine) and serum NEAAs (L-alanine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-glutamic acid, glycine, proline, L-serine, and L-tyrosine) were analyzed with HPLC in a group of dogs with CKD (n = 62), and in a group of healthy dogs (n = 25). CKD dogs showed significantly lower serum levels of histidine (p < 0.000), isoleucine (p < 0.000), tryptophan (p < 0.000), alanine (p = 0.013), cysteine (p < 0.000), and serine (p = 0.002), and significantly higher levels of proline (p < 0.000), leucine (p = 0.001), lysine (p < 0.000), valine (p < 0.000), arginine (p = 0.002), glutamic acid (p = 0.002), and glycine (p = 0.010) compared to healthy dogs. Dogs with abnormal calcium x phosphate values showed significantly higher levels of cysteine (p = 0.003), and lower levels of tryptophan (p = 0.025) compared to CKD dogs with normal CaxP. Dogs with metabolic acidosis showed significantly higher levels of phenylalanine (p = 0.035) and leucine (p = 0.034) compared to CKD dogs without metabolic acidosis. Dogs with PEW showed significantly lower levels for most of amino acids. In PEW dogs, the median distribution of both EAAs (p = 0.000) and NEAAs (p = 0.001) was significantly lower. The serum pattern of both EAAs and NEAAs was significantly different in CKD dogs compared to healthy dogs, although no association with the progression of the IRIS stage was found.

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Predictive equations of maintenance energy requirement for healthy and chronically ill adult dogs

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Prevalence of canine obesity in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

Prevalence of canine obesity in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

Nutritional inadequacies in commercial vegan foods for dogs and cats

Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acids in Dogs at Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

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