Predictive control and verification of conversion kinetics and polymer molecular weight in semi-batch free radical homopolymer reactions

Kreft, Tomasz; Reed, Wayne F.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.05.006

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Figure 3 shows the results of predictive control of $\overline {M} _{{\rm w}} $ for acrylamide polymerization 76. The lower curve shows the natural tendency of $\overline {M} _{{\rm w}} $ to monotonically decrease during a batch reaction.…”

Section: Selected Acomp Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Measurements in Online Polymerization Reaction Monitoring and Control with a Focus on ACOMP

Alb

Reed

2010

Macro Reaction Engineering

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Fundamental measurements in online polymerization reaction monitoring and control seek to avoid empirical and inferential models in data interpretation. One such approach making use of multiple detectors is automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization reactions (ACOMP), wherein a continuous reactor stream is automatically, continuously diluted and conditioned to where measurements reflect intrinsic particle properties and not the interactions that can dominate measurements in concentrated media. Examples where dilute regime measurements are needed include static and dynamic light scattering, and reduced viscosity. This review focuses on ACOMP to illustrate a number of reaction contexts where fundamental measurements are used to gain a comprehensive picture of reaction characteristics.

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Section: Selected Acomp Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Measurements in Online Polymerization Reaction Monitoring and Control with a Focus on ACOMP

Alb

Reed

2010

Macro Reaction Engineering

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“…The analysis reveals that the hybrid polymer can be cured with JK-GW12 curing agent safely and fully only after 16 minutes at heating rate of 5˚C/min. The high curing conversion rate of hybrid composite at lower temperature is beneficial for engineering application of the materials at ambient temperature [8,9].…”

Section: Experimental Methods and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on Several Anti-Corrosion Materials for Power FGD System

Wang

Dongsheng²,

Zhang³

et al. 2011

ENG

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In the study organic-inorganic hybrid composite, epoxy modified silicone coating and vinyl ester flake mastic were comparatively used as several anti-corrosion materials that provided protection for flue gas desulfu-rization (FGD). The relationship between curing conversion rate of hybrid polymer and temperature was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The adhesion strength, coefficient of thermal expansion and flame retardant properties of three anti-corrosion materials were measured and analyzed. A corrosion test in 8% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and 5% HCl at temperature cycle of 40°C~ 160°C was applied to study corrosion resistance of several anti-corrosion materials. Gravimetric measurement and morphological observation of three materials before and after corrosion test were comparatively analyzed in the paper. The small weight change and good morphological structure of hybrid composite during corrosion test demonstrate that hybrid composite has better anti-corrosion properties than epoxy modified silicone coating and vinyl ester flake mastic

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“…It has been used in many scenarios including free radical copolymerization [37,38], copolyelectolytes [39], branching reactions [40], emulsion [41] and inverse emulsion [42] reactions, in batch, semi-batch [43] and continuous reactors [44], for aqueous and organic solvents, for post-polymerization and derivitization reactions [45], and for the controlled radical polymerization routes nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) [46], atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) [47], reversible addition fragmentation transfer polymerization (RAFT) [48], and ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) [49]. Simultaneous monitoring of both polymer reaction characteristics and colloid size distributions (latex and monomer droplets) was also achieved in emulsion polymerization [41].…”

Section: Background On Acompmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Monitoring of the Effects of Multiple Ionic Strengths on Properties of Copolymeric Polyelectrolytes during Their Synthesis

Zhu

Drenski³

et al. 2017

Processes

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Abstract:A new Automatic Continuous Online Monitoring of Polymerization reactions (ACOMP) system has been developed with multiple light scattering and viscosity detection stages in serial flow, where solution conditions are different at each stage. Solution conditions can include ionic strength (IS), pH, surfactants, concentration, and other factors. This allows behavior of a polymer under simultaneous, varying solution conditions to be monitored at each instant of its synthesis. The system can potentially be used for realtime formulation, where a solution formulation is built up additively in successive stages. It can also monitor the effect of solution conditions on stimuli responsive polymers, as their responsiveness changes during synthesis. In this first work, the new ACOMP system monitored light scattering and reduced viscosity properties of copolymeric polyelectrolytes under various IS during synthesis. Aqueous copolymerization of acrylamide (Am) and styrene sulfonate (SS) was used. Polyelectrolytes in solution expand as IS decreases, leading to increased intrinsic viscosity (η) and suppression of light scattering intensity due to electrostatically enhanced second and third virial coefficients, A 2 and A 3 . At a fixed IS, the same effects occur if polyelectrolyte linear charge density (ξ) increases. This work presents polyelectrolyte response to a series of IS and changing ξ during chemical synthesis.Keywords: ACOMP; online monitoring; copolymeric polyelectrolytes; light scattering; viscosity Background and MotivationThis work introduces a new version of the Automatic Continuous Online Monitoring of Polymerization reactions (ACOMP) system ("second generation ACOMP") whose aim is to monitor the onset and evolution of stimuli responsive behavior, under multiple simultaneous solution conditions, during the synthesis of stimuli responsive polymers (SRP). SRP is a vast area of modern polymer science and engineering, aimed at producing polymers that can respond to such stimuli as temperature, radiation, and solution conditions such as pH, ionic strength, polymer concentration, presence of such agents as surfactants, nanoparticles, hydrophobic species, etc. The types of responses that can occur in response to these stimuli include coil/globule phase transitions, polymer coil expansion or shrinkage, micellization, aggregation, and other forms of spontaneous self-assembly.These next-generation materials are expected to have applications in medicine, sensors, self-healing materials, and environmental remediation [1][2][3][4][5]. Hydrogels ofpoly(N-isopropylacrylamide), for example, have a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), near body temperature, which makes it a candidate for drug delivery applications in which the NIPAM-based polymer releases its medical

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Predictive control and verification of conversion kinetics and polymer molecular weight in semi-batch free radical homopolymer reactions

Cited by 25 publications

References 64 publications

Fundamental Measurements in Online Polymerization Reaction Monitoring and Control with a Focus on ACOMP

Fundamental Measurements in Online Polymerization Reaction Monitoring and Control with a Focus on ACOMP

A Comparative Study on Several Anti-Corrosion Materials for Power FGD System

Simultaneous Monitoring of the Effects of Multiple Ionic Strengths on Properties of Copolymeric Polyelectrolytes during Their Synthesis

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