Predictions transform memories: How expected versus unexpected events are integrated or separated in memory

Bein, Oded; Gasser, Camille; Amer, Tarek; Maril, Anat; Davachi, Lila

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105368

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…On a similar note, Bein and colleagues (2023) propose that consistency with expectations promotes the integration of that information into existing memory representations. However, prediction errors can promote both integration and memory separation, depending on a number of factors (e.g., the type of prediction error and the strength of the memory reactivation associated with a prediction; Bein et al, 2023). This emphasises the mixed nature of the current literature and the importance of further research into the effect of prediction on memory.…”

Section: Predictive Processing Influences Memory Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

How predictability and individual alpha frequency shape memory: insights from the N400

Jano,

Chatburn,

Cross

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Prediction and memory are strongly intertwined, with predictions relying on memory retrieval, whilst also influencing memory encoding. However, it is unclear how prediction errors during learning, as measured by the N400 event-related potential (ERP), influence explicit memory performance, and how individual neural factors may modulate this relationship. The current study sought to investigate the effect of prediction and individual neural variability on memory processing, whilst exploring the N400 as a prediction error signal in a context extending beyond language. Participants (N = 48, females = 33) completed a study-test paradigm where they first viewed predictable and unpredictable four-item ′ABCD′ sequences of outdoor scene images, whilst their brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). Subsequently, their memory for the images was tested, and N400 patterns during learning were compared with memory outcomes. Strikingly, greater N400 amplitudes during learning were associated with enhanced memory at test for individuals with low versus high individual alpha frequencies (IAFs). This indicates that IAF may influence stimulus precision weightings and the extent to which prediction errors drive memory encoding. Memory was also strongest for predictable images in the ′B′ position, suggesting that when processing longer sequences, the brain may prioritise the data deemed most informative for predictive model updating. Ultimately, the results provide novel insight into the effect of prediction on memory, by highlighting the role of inter-subject variability, whilst shedding light on the accumulation of predictions across sequences.

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Section: Predictive Processing Influences Memory Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

How predictability and individual alpha frequency shape memory: insights from the N400

Jano,

Chatburn,

Cross

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…In particular, due to its extensive connections with diverse limbic and neocortical regions, the AIC integrate bottom-up contextual information with top-down prior knowledge, such as representations of context-reward associations. Consequently, the AIC plays a vital role in developing comprehensive understandings of contexts and shaping expectations 13 regarding rewards (Bein et al, 2023;Molnar-Szakacs & Uddin, 2022;Uddin et al, 2014). This integration process can be referred to as the establishment and reinforcement of context-reward association (Sun et al, 2020), resulting in an enhanced salience of expected rewards and a heightened allocation of cognitive resources (e.g., attention and motivation) towards those rewards (Frömer et al, 2021;Schneider et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Functional Role Of Aic In Reward Expectancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many daily behaviors of humans are driven by the expectancy of rewards, whether material or spiritual (Pessiglione et al, 2007; Rowe et al, 2008). Reward expectancy has been proposed to boost behavioral performance (Rowe et al, 2008), particularly when the expected reward is ultimately obtained (Bein et al, 2023; Frömer et al, 2021). Typically, representations of rewards are tightly linked to various stimuli, such as spatial contexts, establishing associations between reward and context (Blaukopf & DiGirolamo, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, representations of rewards are tightly linked to various stimuli, such as spatial contexts, establishing associations between reward and context (Blaukopf & DiGirolamo, 2007). When a reward-associated context is recognized, it will trigger the activation of neural patterns for the reward based on the memory (Bein et al, 2023). It subsequently promotes our brain to allocate more cognitive resources, such as attention and motivation, to scan for the expected reward in the matched context (Baruni et al, 2015; Bein et al, 2023; Frömer et al, 2021; Rowe et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a reward-associated context is recognized, it will trigger the activation of neural patterns for the reward based on the memory (Bein et al, 2023). It subsequently promotes our brain to allocate more cognitive resources, such as attention and motivation, to scan for the expected reward in the matched context (Baruni et al, 2015; Bein et al, 2023; Frömer et al, 2021; Rowe et al, 2008). The emergence of a reward consistent with expectation will in turn enhance the context-reward association by strengthening the reward-related representation (Bein et al, 2023; Bergmann et al, 2019; Grill-Spector et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electrophysiological Mechanisms in the Anterior Insula Cortex during Reward Expectancy

Yang,

Lehongre,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Reward expectancy contributes to cognitive performance and is governed by the anterior insular cortex (AIC). To investigate the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying reward expectancy in the AIC, we collected intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) data from epilepsy patients implanted for clinical purposes while they were navigating a virtual T-maze. During navigation, subjects encountered rewards at three pre-defined locations. We focused on the time window proximity to entering the reward zone, which was defined as the reward-expectancy stage. A strong phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) between local theta phase and gamma power within the AIC has been reported at the expectancy stage of rewards. Interestingly, the PAC effect exhibited a specific temporal structure in which the gamma power was progressively coupled to earlier theta phase before each onset of the same reward. Meanwhile, the reward-specific brain patterns were pre-activated during the expectancy stage of rewards, taking place slightly prior to the occurrence of peak gamma activities across individual trials. Furthermore, the pre-activation of reward-specific patterns also progressively shifted forward on theta phases as more trials were conducted. These phenomena of phase shift were reminiscent of the phase precession effect in which single neurons fire at progressively earlier phases of low-frequency oscillations, and thus were called phase-precession-like effects (PPLEs). Additionally, subjects exhibiting PPLEs in the AIC presented less variability and a more notable improvement in response latency across trials. These results indicate that PPLEs in the AIC play an important role in reward expectancy which in turn facilitate task performance.

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Prediction error and event segmentation in episodic memory

Nolden,

Turan,

Güler

et al. 2024

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Predictions transform memories: How expected versus unexpected events are integrated or separated in memory

Cited by 12 publications

References 182 publications

How predictability and individual alpha frequency shape memory: insights from the N400

How predictability and individual alpha frequency shape memory: insights from the N400

Electrophysiological Mechanisms in the Anterior Insula Cortex during Reward Expectancy

Prediction error and event segmentation in episodic memory

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