Predictions of multiparticle Bose-Einstein correlations of pions and kaons for hadronization of quark-gluon plasma droplets

Zhang, W. N.; Tang, Guangze; Chen, X. J.; Huo, L.; Liu, Y. M.; Zhang, S.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.62.044903

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For the granular source model, particles are emitted from dispersed droplets [27,28,30,[34][35][36][37]. Assuming that the granular source has the same N droplets and the distribution of the particle emission points in a droplet has the Gaussian form, the normalized source density distribution is given by [36]…”

Section: Source Function Imaging For Static Granular Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of granular sources in high energy heavy ion collisions

Yang

Zhang

Huo

et al. 2008

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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We investigate the source imaging for a granular pion-emitting source model in high energy heavy ion collisions. The two-pion source functions of the granular sources exhibit a two-tiered structure. Using a parametrized formula of granular two-pion source function, we examine the twotiered structure of the source functions for the imaging data of Au+Au collisions at Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) and Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). We find that the imaging technique introduced by Brown and Danielewicz is suitable for probing the granular structure of the sources. Our data-fitting results indicate that there is not visible granularity for the sources at AGS energies. However, the data for the RHIC collisions with the selections of 40 < centrality < 90% and 0.20 < k T < 0.36 GeV/c are better described by the model with granular emission than that of one Gaussian. The model with granular source has more parameters than the simple Gaussian, hence can describe more complicated shapes. 25.75.Nq, 25.75.Gz

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Section: Source Function Imaging For Static Granular Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of granular sources in high energy heavy ion collisions

Yang

Zhang

Huo

et al. 2008

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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“…In this paper, we propose a simple model of a granular source of quark-gluon plasma droplets [17,18,19,20,21] to explain the puzzle. The possible occurrence of a granular structure of droplets during a first-order QCD phase transition was discussed by Witten [22] and examined by many authors [23,24,25,26,27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assume that pions are emitted thermally from hydrodynamically expanding droplets at a freeze-out temperature T f and use relativistic hydrodynamics to describe the evolution of quark-gluon plasma droplets with an equation of state suggested by QCD lattice gauge results [3,28,29,30]. The two-pion correlation function can then be calculated after knowing the hydrodynamical solution [20,21,31]. As the average freeze-out time is approximately proportional to the initial droplet size, we would like to see whether a granular source with many smaller droplets and their corresponding smaller freeze-out times will lead to R out close to R side .…”

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confidence: 99%

Pion interferometry for a granular source of quark-gluon plasma droplets

2004

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We examine the two-pion interferometry for a granular source of quark-gluon plasma droplets. The evolution of the droplets is described by relativistic hydrodynamics with an equation of state suggested by lattice gauge results. Pions are assumed to be emitted thermally from the droplets at the freeze-out configuration characterized by a freeze-out temperature T f . We find that the HBT radius Rout decreases if the initial size of the droplets decreases. On the other hand, R side depends on the droplet spatial distribution and is relatively independent of the droplet size. It increases with an increase in the width of the spatial distribution and the collective-expansion velocity of the droplets. As a result, the value of Rout can lie close to R side for a granular quark-gluon plasma source. The granular model of the emitting source may provide an explanation to the RHIC HBT puzzle and may lead to a new insight into the dynamics of the quark-gluon plasma phase transition.

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“…In this paper the hadronic gas is taken to be an ideal gas. For a more realistic case, one should consider the volume correction [15,16], which will lead to a slightly lower temperature and lower density of hadronic gas but will hardly affect the main features of the HBT interferometry considered here. The freeze-out temperature T f = 0.5T 0 considered in this paper is lower than the freeze-out temperatures T f = 0.7T c and 0.9T c (T c = 160 MeV) considered for a zero net baryon density case [9] because the cross section between pion and baryon is greater than that between pions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pion Interferometry for Hydrodynamical Expanding Source with a Finite Baryon Density

Zhang

Effaf

Wong

et al. 2004

Chinese Phys. Lett.

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We calculate the two-pion correlation function for an expanding hadron source with a finite baryon density. The space-time evolution of the source is described by relativistic hydrodynamics and the HBT radius is extracted after effects of collective expansion and multiple scattering on the HBT interferometry have been taken into account, using quantum probability amplitudes in a path-integral formalism. We find that this radius is substantially smaller than the HBT radius extracted from the freeze-out configuration. The Bose-Einstein correlation of identical bosons produced in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, also known as the HBT effect, is an important tool for the study of the space-time structure of the emitting source [1]. As the source expands, cools, and freezes out, it is important to know what source distribution the HBT interferometry measures. Is it the freeze-out source distribution, the initial source distribution, or the initial source distribution modified by absorption and expansion? The conventional viewpoint is that the HBT interferometry measures the freeze-out configuration because rescattering of source particles are assumed to lead to a chaotic source. However, the extracted experimental HBT radii are insensitive to the collision energy, and R out /R side ≈ 0.9 − 1.1 at RHIC [2,3]. These general features cannot be understood within the conventional viewpoint [4,5,6].The validity of the conventional assumption on HBT is recently questioned as it was pointed out that because HBT is purely a quantum-mechanical phenomenon, the effects of rescattering and collective dynamics must be investigated within a quantum-mechanical context [7]. As fully quantum treatment of heavy-ion collisions is beyond the scope of our present investigation, we shall describe the gross dynamics of the hadron system with a finite baryon density by classical hydrodynamics. In this letter, we follow Wong's work [7] and take into account the effects of collective expansion and multiple scattering by constructing the quantum probability amplitude using Glauber's multiple scattering model and the trajectories of test particles in the path-integral framework.The hydrodynamics and the composition of the fluid depend on the collision energy. We study in this work the dynamics of heavy-ion collisions in the energy range corresponding to about 10 GeV per nucleon beam energy in fixed target collisions in which nucleons and deltas play an important role and pions are produced dominantly from deltas and absorbed by nucleons.Relativistic hydrodynamics has been extensively applied to high-energy heavy-ion collisions [8]. The energy momentum tensor of a thermalized fluid cell in the centerof-mass frame is [8]

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Predictions of multiparticle Bose-Einstein correlations of pions and kaons for hadronization of quark-gluon plasma droplets

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Imaging of granular sources in high energy heavy ion collisions

Imaging of granular sources in high energy heavy ion collisions

Pion interferometry for a granular source of quark-gluon plasma droplets

Pion Interferometry for Hydrodynamical Expanding Source with a Finite Baryon Density

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