“…One way to reduce, for example, the cost of air quality monitoring is estimating emissions based on various traffic properties such as flow, speed, and vehicle fleet composition (see Kean et al (2003) or Barth and Boriboonsomsin (2009b)). Furthermore, the cost of traffic monitoring can be significantly reduced by deployment strategies that would maximize the utility of traffic-related monitoring, given a predefined number of monitoring units (such as by employing correlations with upstream or downstream traffic; Chandra & Al-Deek, 2009). …”