“…The development of smart cement materials based on nano-sized materials as additives with desired specific properties that solve or minimize many practical issues in the field has widely been reported in literatures. For example, several types of metal oxide nanoparticles such as nanosilica (Lin et al, 2008;Jo et al, 2007;Qing et al, 2007), TiO 2 Riahi, 2010a, 2011b), Fe 2 O 3 (Li et al, 2004;Khoshakhlagh et al, 2012), Al 2 O 3 Riahi, 2011, 2012), ZrO 3 Riahi, 2010a, 2011b), CuO (Nazari and Riahi, 2011), ZnO 2 (Nazari and Azimzadegan, 2012), and several other types of magnetic nanoparticles (Blyszko et al, 2008) have been used as additives in cement modification. These metal oxide nanoparticles are added mostly to improve Adeola et al 951 several cements and concrete properties such as strength, resistance to water penetration, accelerate hydration reaction, control calcium leaching, to provide self-cleaning properties, and many more.…”