Prediction of vertebral failure loads from spinal and femoral dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and calcaneal ultrasound: an in situ analysis with intact soft tissues

Lochmüller, Eva-Maria; Eckstein, F.; Kaiser, David A.; Zeller, J.; Landgraf, J.; Putz, Reinhard; Steldinger, R.

doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(98)00127-6

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, as to the validity of these methods, it should be pointed out that DXA yields only areal BMD (aBMD) while QCT and pQCT assess volumetric BMD (vBMD). Consequently, QCT or pQCT can predict whole bone strength of long bones better than DXA (Wilhelm et al 1999;Martin et al 2004;Lochmuller et al 1998;Jarvinen et al 1998). Moreover, QCT and pQCT can discern between trabecular bone and compact bone, which is advantageous in the study of the effects of immobilization, where the bone loss is most pronounced in trabecular bone (Eser et al 2004;Rittweger et al 2005).…”

Section: Physiological Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

From space to Earth: advances in human physiology from 20 years of bed rest studies (1986–2006)

Traon¹,

et al. 2007

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Bed rest studies of the past 20 years are reviewed. Head-down bed rest (HDBR) has proved its usefulness as a reliable simulation model for the most physiological effects of spaceflight. As well as continuing to search for better understanding of the physiological changes induced, these studies focused mostly on identifying effective countermeasures with encouraging but limited success. HDBR is characterised by immobilization, inactivity, confinement and elimination of Gz gravitational stimuli, such as posture change and direction, which affect body sensors and responses. These induce upward fluid shift, unloading the body's upright weight, absence of work against gravity, reduced energy requirements and reduction in overall sensory stimulation. The upward fluid shift by acting on central volume receptors induces a 10-15% reduction in plasma volume which leads to a now well-documented set of cardiovascular changes including changes in cardiac performance and baroreflex sensitivity that are identical to those in space. Calcium excretion is increased from the beginning of bed rest leading to a sustained negative calcium balance. Calcium absorption is reduced. Body weight, muscle mass, muscle strength is reduced, as is the resistance of muscle to insulin. Bone density, stiffness of bones of the lower limbs and spinal cord and bone architecture are altered. Circadian rhythms may shift and are dampened. Ways to improve the process of evaluating countermeasures--exercise (aerobic, resistive, vibration), nutritional and pharmacological--are proposed. Artificial gravity requires systematic evaluation. This review points to clinical applications of BR research revealing the crucial role of gravity to health.

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Section: Physiological Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

From space to Earth: advances in human physiology from 20 years of bed rest studies (1986–2006)

Traon¹,

et al. 2007

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“…Changes in calcaneal bone mineral content have been used as sentinel values,. a s statistical s~irro-gates, for use in followiiig tlie process of bone loss at other, more clinically relevant sites such a s the hip or spine [3,6,13,38,44,54,59,66]. As an anatomical site, the calcaneiis has the advantage of being peripheral, and of being surrounded by a smaller and more consistent amount of soft tissue than these other sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dual-energy quantitative computcd lo-iiiography (DE-QCT) can correct for unknown relative contributions of yellow and red marrow when meiisiiring bone dcnsity in noriiiiil and osteoporotic sub.iec(s [ 1, 2,9,19,23,38,34,46,55,57,58], and ciiii also be used to cvaluate changes in marrow fiit content with disease [40, 48,49]. Most of these techniqucs are based up011 post-processing calibration procedures; iin alternative tipproach suggested by Alvarez and Macovski [2] is based instcad on a characterization of tlie physics of the X-ray beam itself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcaiieal architecture and local iiieclianical conditions have been well-characterized iii humans and other aiiiiiials [27,32,33,711, and changes in bone properties at this site have been associated with material, architectural, or mcchanical clianges at other, more clinically-important but dificult-to-assess sites such as the spine or hip [3,6,13,38,44,54,59,66]. The calcaiieus is a peripheral bone surrounded by a thin layer of soft tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The X‐ray attenuation characteristics and density of human calcaneal marrow do not change significantly during adulthood

Les

Whalen

Beaupré

et al. 2002

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Changes in the material characteristics of bone marrow with aging ciiii be a significant source of error in measurements of bone density when using X-ray and LiltrasoLuid iinaging modalities. In the context of computed tomography, dual-energy computed techiiiqiies have been used to correct for changes in marrow composition. However, dual-energy quantitative computed toinogrnpliy (DE-QCT) protocols, while iiicreasing the accur~icy of the measurement. reduce the precision and increase the radiation dose to the patient in coniparison to siiigle-enei.gy quantitative computed tomography (SE-QCT) protocols. If thc attenuation properties of tlic iiiarrow [or ;I particular bone can be shown to be relatively constant with age. it sliotild be possible to use single-energy techniqties without experiencing errors caused by unknown marrow composition.Marrow was extracted by centrifiigation from 10 iiim thick frontal sections of 34 adult cadaver calcaiiei (28 males, 6 females, ages 17-65 years). The density and energy-dependent linear X-ray nttcnuation coeficieut of each inarrow sample were determincd. For p i i r p o~e~ of comparing our results, we then computed iiii elrective CT number at two G E CTli scan voltages (SO and 120 kVp) for each specirnen. The coelljcients of variation for the density, CT number at SO kVp and CT number a t 120 kVp were each less than IY,~, and the paraineters did not change siguificantly with age ( p > 0.2, 1. ' < 0.02, power > 0.8 where the minimum acceptable = 0.21 6). We could demonstrate no significant gender-associated diflercnces in these relationships. These data suggest that calcaneal bone marrow X-ray attenuation properties and marrow density are essentially constant from the third through sixth d e c d e s of life.

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“…Although BMD is currently used clinically to predict fracture risk, variation in BMD explains only 30-60% of the observed variation in bone strength [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. As the limitations of BMD in predicting fracture have become apparent, clinical and scientific interest in bone quality factors have increased [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Contribution of Bone Tissue Material Property Heterogeneity to Trabecular Bone Mechanical Behavior

Lloyd

Wang

Donnelly

2015

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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Heterogeneity of material properties is an important potential contributor to bone fracture resistance because of its putative contribution to toughness, but establishing the contribution of heterogeneity to fracture risk is still in an incipient stage. Experimental studies have demonstrated changes in distributions of compositional and nanomechanical properties with fragility fracture history, disease, and pharmacologic treatment. Computational studies have demonstrated that models with heterogeneous material properties predict apparent stiffness moderately better than homogeneous models and show greater energy dissipation. Collectively, these results suggest that microscale material heterogeneity affects not only microscale mechanics but also structural performance at larger length scales.

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Prediction of vertebral failure loads from spinal and femoral dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and calcaneal ultrasound: an in situ analysis with intact soft tissues

Cited by 52 publications

References 33 publications

From space to Earth: advances in human physiology from 20 years of bed rest studies (1986–2006)

From space to Earth: advances in human physiology from 20 years of bed rest studies (1986–2006)

The X‐ray attenuation characteristics and density of human calcaneal marrow do not change significantly during adulthood

Multiscale Contribution of Bone Tissue Material Property Heterogeneity to Trabecular Bone Mechanical Behavior

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