“…RCA has a range of positive benefits, their properties have been found to have a large converse impact on the overall durability of concrete, causing a significant increase in creep and shrinkage deformations compared to CC. Thus, it is critical to investigate the effect of varying substitution levels of RCA may have in conjunction with other prime concrete properties such as cement content, w/c ratio, density, water absorption, and recycled aggregate size 1–17 . Significantly minimal information is also found in the literature for RAC prediction models, thereby providing ambiguity regarding the optimal concrete properties required to sustain recycled aggregates in concrete.…”