Prediction of transparency perception based on cone-excitation ratios

Ripamonti, Caterina; Westland, Stephen

doi:10.1364/josaa.20.001673

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Spatial cone-excitation ratios provide compelling evidence to observers about the origin of changes in scenes: during abrupt illuminant changes, natural deviations in ratios are interpreted as being a result of changes in surface reflectance even when they are actually a result of changes in illuminant (Nascimento & Foster 1997), and there is evidence that such deviations are processed efficiently and in a spatially parallel way over the visual field (Foster et al 2001b). Cone-excitation ratios have been assumed to underlie the phenomenon of relational colour constancy referred to earlier (Craven & Foster 1992;Foster & Nascimento 1994), and they may explain the perceived transparency of different combinations of coloured filters placed over scenes (Westland & Ripamonti 2000;Ripamonti & Westland 2003). Minimizing the variance in ratios has been used to predict numerically surface-colour matches in complex threedimensional scenes .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colour constancy under simultaneous changes in surface position and illuminant

Amano

Foster²

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Two kinds of constancy underlie the everyday perception of surface colour: constancy under changes in illuminant and constancy under changes in surface position. Classically, these two constancies seem to place conflicting demands on the visual system: to both take into account the region surrounding a surface and also discount it. It is shown here, however, that the ability of observers to make surface-colour matches across simultaneous changes in test-surface position and illuminant in computer-generated 'Mondrian' patterns is almost as good as across changes in illuminant alone. Performance was no poorer when the surfaces surrounding the test surface were permuted, or when information from a potential comparison surface, the one with the highest luminance, was suppressed. Computer simulations of cone-photoreceptor activity showed that a reliable cue for making surface-colour matches in all experimental conditions was provided by the ratios of cone excitations between the test surfaces and a spatial average over the whole pattern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colour constancy under simultaneous changes in surface position and illuminant

Amano

Foster²

2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…In recent studies on transparency perception, different color spaces have been exploited: CIE XYZ~D' Zmura et al, 1997!, DKL~Chen & D'Zmura, 1998D'Zmura et al, 2000;Hagedorn &Munsell andcone excitation~Westland &Ripamonti, 2000;Ripamonti & Westland, 2003;Faul & Ekroll, 2002;Khang & Zaidi, 2002 In this experiment, CIE LUṼ a space in which discrimination steps have been made more uniform with respect to the CIE XYZ spaces! was chosen to control the length, DE uv * , of each vector.…”

Section: Stimulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of motion and configural complexity on color transparency perception

et al. 2006

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We tested whether motion and configural complexity affect perceived transparency. A series of five coherent chromatic transformations in color space was applied across a figure: translation, convergence, shear, divergence and rotation. The stimuli consisted of a bipartite or a checkerboard configuration (10 x 10 degrees), with a central static or moving overlay (5 x 5 degrees). Three different luminance conditions (the plane of chromatic transformation oriented toward higher, lower, or equal luminances) were also tested for each of three modulation depths. For each stimulus, the observer judged whether the overlay appeared transparent or not. The main results indicated an interaction between the type of chromatic transformation and stimulus motion and complexity. For example, convergences are judged to appear transparent significantly more often when motion is added for bipartite configurations, or when they are generated in a checkerboard configuration. Surprisingly, shears that have been reported to appear opaque, are more frequently reported to appear transparent with short vector lengths and when combined with motion. Other transformations are also affected by motion, although the effectiveness of figural complexity on transparency seems to depend on both the type of color shifts and the presence of motion. The results indicate that adding motion and stimulus complexity are not necessarily neutral with respect to the chromatic shifts evoking transparency. Thus, studies that have used motion to enhance transparency may yield different results about the color shifts supporting transparency perception from those that did not. The same might be supposed for stimulus complexity under some conditions.

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“…The ratios of mean cone excitations are similar to, but not exactly the same as, mean spatial cone excitation ratios (MCER), which have been extensively studied with respect to color constancy [30,61,60,62,31,32]. Actually, the work of Ripamonti and Westland [83,71] found MCER capable of predicting the strength of perceived transparency. Essentially, Khang, Robilotto, and Zaidi's investigations have found that observers are capable of making veridical identifications of filters across different illuminants and backgrounds [44], achieving color constancy, and that observers match a quantity that is related to spatial variation and the change in cone signals between the filtered and unfiltered regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

The color appearance of three-dimensional, curved, transparent objects

Ennis

Doerschner

2019

Preprint

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Studies on the perceived color of transparent objects have elucidated potential mechanisms but have mainly focused on flat filters that overlay a flat background. However, studies with flat filters have not captured all aspects of physical transparency, such as caustics, specular reflections/highlights, and shadows. Here, we investigate color matching experiments with threedimensional transparent objects for different matching stimuli: a uniform patch and a flat filter overlaying a variegated background. Two different instructions were given to observers: change the color of the matching stimulus until it has the same color as the transparent object (for the patch and flat filter) or until it has the same color as the dye that was used to tint the transparent object (for the patch). Regardless of instruction or matching element, observers match the mean chromaticity of the glass object, but the luminance of matches depends on the backgrounds of the test image and the matching element, indicating that a color constancy-esque discounting operation is at work. We applied three models from flat filter studies to see if they generalize to our stimuli: the convergence model and the ratio of either the means (RMC) or standard deviations (RSD) of cone excitations. The convergence model does not generalize to our stimuli, but the RMC generalizes to a wider range of stimuli than the RSD. However, there is an edge case where RMC also breaks down and there may be additional features that trade-off with RMC when observers match the color of thick, curved transparent objects.

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Prediction of transparency perception based on cone-excitation ratios

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Colour constancy under simultaneous changes in surface position and illuminant

Colour constancy under simultaneous changes in surface position and illuminant

Effects of motion and configural complexity on color transparency perception

The color appearance of three-dimensional, curved, transparent objects

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