Prediction of Three‐Dimensional Thermal Discharge Flows

Raithby, G. D.; Elliott, R.V.; Hutchinson, Brad

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1988)114:7(720)

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The horizontal dispersion of thermal plumes is mainly driven by wind-induced currents [He et al, 2006;Choi and Wilkin, 2007;Cardoso-Mohedano et al, 2015]. Near-shore regions close to the emitting source are therefore especially sensitive to thermal pollution since heat plumes can be trapped by coastal currents without being dispersed across the water body [Raithby et al, 1988;Salgueiro et al, 2015].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical effects of thermal pollution in lakes

Vinnå

Wüest

Bouffard

2017

Water Resources Research

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Anthropogenic heat emissions into inland waters influence water temperature and affect stratification, heat and nutrient fluxes, deep water renewal, and biota. Given the increased thermal stress on these systems by growing cooling demands of riparian/coastal infrastructures in combination with climate warming, the question arises on how to best monitor and manage these systems. In this study, we investigate local and system‐wide physical effects on the medium‐sized perialpine Lake Biel (Switzerland), influenced by point‐source cooling water emission from an upstream nuclear power plant (heat emission ∼700 MW, ∼18 W m−2 lake wide). We use one‐dimensional (SIMSTRAT) and three‐dimensional (Delft3D‐Flow) hydrodynamic numerical simulations and provide model resolution guidelines for future studies of thermal pollution. The effects on Lake Biel by the emitted excess heat are summarized as: (i) clear seasonal trend in temperature increase, locally up to 3.4°C and system‐wide volume mean ∼0.3°C, which corresponds to one decade of regional surface water climate warming; (ii) the majority of supplied thermal pollution (∼60%) leaves this short residence time (∼58 days) system via the main outlet, whereas the remaining heat exits to the atmosphere; (iii) increased length of stratified period due to the stabilizing effects of additional heat; (iv) system‐wide effects such as warmer temperature, prolonged stratified period, and river‐caused epilimnion flushing are resolved by both models whereas local raised temperature and river short circuiting was only identifiable with the three‐dimensional model approach. This model‐based method provides an ideal tool to assess man‐made impacts on lakes and their downstream outflows.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical effects of thermal pollution in lakes

Vinnå

Wüest

Bouffard

2017

Water Resources Research

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“…Such approaches can avoid inconsistencies between the sub-domain and the main-domain as well as in the vertical, and reduce the problems which arise from a separate integral model for the jet. Similar methods have been successfully applied to model the complete field as a heated surface jet in place (e.g., Raithby, et al, 1988).…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the latter approach, coupled hydrothermal equations are solved simultaneously in the complete field and fewer assumptions on the natural processes of the buoyant jet and ambient water have to be made. For example, Raithby et al (1988) described a three-dimensional model for heated surface jets into quiescent lakes using an orthogonal boundary-conforming mesh to concentrate the model grids in the vicinity of the cooling water discharge and a k -model to calculate turbulent stresses and fluxes. GESAMP (1984) reported an alternative approach to model the complete zone in that the far-field and near-field zones were modeled separately and variables were interpolated back and forth between the coarse and fine meshes of these two zones.…”

Section: Problem Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D numerical modeling of circulations associated with a submerged buoyant jet in a shallow coastal environment

Jiang

Fissel

Topham³

2003

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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A three-dimensional numerical model was applied to examine the buoyant jetdriven circulation in Port Moody Arm, Canada. The Arm, which has a relatively shallow water environment of 5 30 m depth, receives considerable cooling water from Burrard Thermal Generating Station. The cooling water behaves as a typical submerged buoyant jet and has significant impact on the natural circulation of the receiving water. In order to resolve the sharp gradients in hydrothermal field and overcome the scale barrier between the far-field and near-field zones of the submerged buoyant jet, a newly developed embedded grid scheme was incorporated into the model, which solves the complete field with a single modeling procedure using a pre-conditioned conjugate gradient approach.Special care was taken with the turbulence diffusion and jet entrainment by using a second order turbulence closure model and the Smagorinsky formula. The simulated buoyant jet was calibrated using an integral model matched to empirical jet data; modeled velocity and temperature profiles were quantitatively verified as being in good agreement with the available observations. After the modeled flow pattern was qualitatively verified with data from historical dye-tracing surveys, extensive simulations were carried out to examine circulation behavior under the impact of the buoyant jet.

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“…The building was equipped with water lines to draw untreated lake water directly from Ramsey Lake into the room where the flume was located. The water line intake was approximately 3 m offshore at a depth of 1 m. Two hoses, 3 m long and 1.9 cm in diameter, were used to connect the flume to the existing water lines (Figure 1a During winter months, sinking thermal plumes can occur from thermal discharges, which can extend large distances from the discharge site (Raithby et al, 1988). The water flow within the flume was designed to mimic the flow conditions which could occur naturally from sinking plumes.…”

Section: Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying effects of a cobble substrate on thermal environments and implications for embryonic development in lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)

Thome

Laframboise

Mitz

et al. 2020

Journal of Fish Biology

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A laboratory flume was constructed to examine substrate effects on aquatic development. The flume was designed as a once-through system with a submerged cobble-filled corebox. Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) embryos and temperature probes were deployed at multiple sites within the cobble and in the open water channel. Embryos were incubated in the flume for two different experimental periods: one to examine substrate impacts during natural lake cooling (37 days: 5 December 2016 to 10 January 2017) and the second to investigate substrate effects while administering a twice weekly 1 h heat shock (51 days: 11 January to 2 March 2017). During incubation, no significant difference was found in the average temperature between locations; however, temperatures were more stable within the cobble. Following both incubation periods, embryos retrieved from the cobble were significantly smaller in both dry mass and body length by up to 20%. These results demonstrate differences between embryos submerged in a cobble substrate and in the open water column, highlighting the need to consider the physical influences from the incubation environment when assessing development effects as part of any scientific study or environmental assessment. K E Y W O R D S cobble, embryonic development, lake whitefish, spawning ground substrate, temperature, thermal discharge 1 | INTRODUCTION Natural or anthropogenic changes in environmental conditions, in particular temperature, can have significant impacts on embryogenesis in aquatic poikilotherms. Within tolerance ranges for embryonic survival, these alterations can influence development rate, resulting in advanced or delayed hatching (Lim et al., 2017). Changes in hatch timing can subsequently impact survival in larval fish through trophic mismatch or by embryos hatching at a more or less developed phenotype (Cushing, 1990). Anthropogenic influences, such as cooling water discharges, are of particular concern to species that spawn in shallow water locations near industrial sites. Numerous studies have investigated the impacts of rearing temperature on embryonic development in salmonids with respect to hatching, size and other physiological parameters. In general, warmer temperatures will result in a shorter time to hatch (Sharpe and DeMichele, 1977). In lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), the time from fertilization to median hatch can range from 180 days down to 60 days, with embryos raised at a constant incubation temperatures

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Prediction of Three‐Dimensional Thermal Discharge Flows

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Physical effects of thermal pollution in lakes

Physical effects of thermal pollution in lakes

3D numerical modeling of circulations associated with a submerged buoyant jet in a shallow coastal environment

Modifying effects of a cobble substrate on thermal environments and implications for embryonic development in lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)

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