Prediction of the resting metabolic rate in obese patients

Bernstein, Robert S.; Thornton, John C.; Yang, Mei‐Uih; Wang, J; Redmond, Aisling M.; Pierson, Richard N.; Pi-Sunyer, F X; Itallie, Theodore B. Van

doi:10.1093/ajcn/37.4.595

Cited by 174 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…During the hot dry season, we found no relationship between RMR and T 3 levels. Similarly, several studies on humans failed to find an association between circulating concentrations of T 3 and either BMR or RMR (Bernstein et al, 1983;Johnstone et al, 2005). Likewise, there was no correlation between T 3 levels and RMR in Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) during the summer, when food and water were restricted (Ostrowski et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, a positive relationship between thyroid hormone levels and metabolic rate has been found in captive reptiles (Joos and John-Alder, 1990), birds (Vézina et al, 2009) and mammals (Banta and Holcombe, 2002;Brinkmann et al, 2016;Li et al, 2010), including humans (reviewed in Hulbert, 2000;Kim, 2008). In contrast, other studies report no relationship between metabolic rate and thyroid hormones in captive mammals (Nilssen et al, 1984;Ostrowski et al, 2006), including humans (Bernstein et al, 1983;Johnstone et al, 2005). However, little information is available concerning the relationship between thyroid hormones and metabolic rate for animals living under natural conditions (exceptions are studies on birds: Chastel et al, 2003;Elliott et al, 2013;Welcker et al, 2013;Zheng et al, 2014; and a study of free-ranging Arctic ground squirrels Urocitellus parryii; Wilsterman et al, 2015), and the reported results are ambivalent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Both thyroid hormone levels and resting metabolic rate decrease in African striped mice when food availability decreases

Rimbach

Pillay

Schradin

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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In response to variation in food availability and ambient temperature (T a ), many animals show seasonal adaptations in their physiology. Laboratory studies showed that thyroid hormones are involved in the regulation of metabolism, and their regulatory function is especially important when the energy balance of an individual is compromised. However, little is known about the relationship between thyroid hormones and metabolism in free-living animals and animals inhabiting seasonal environments. Here, we studied seasonal changes in triiodothyronine (T 3 ) levels, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and two physiological markers of energy balance (blood glucose and ketone bodies) in 61 free-living African striped mice (Rhabdomys pumilio) that live in an semi-arid environment with food shortage during the dry season. We predicted a positive relationship between T 3 levels and RMR. Further, we predicted higher T 3 levels, blood glucose levels and RMR, but lower ketone body concentrations, during the moist season when food availability is high compared with summer when food availability is low. RMR and T 3 levels were negatively related in the moist season but not in the dry season. Both RMR and T 3 levels were higher in the moist than in the dry season, and T 3 levels increased with increasing food availability. In the dry season, blood glucose levels were lower but ketone body concentrations were higher, indicating a change in substrate use. Seasonal adjustments in RMR and T 3 levels permit a reduction of energy expenditure when food is scarce, and reflect an adaptive response to reduced food availability in the dry season.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Both thyroid hormone levels and resting metabolic rate decrease in African striped mice when food availability decreases

Rimbach

Pillay

Schradin

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…In the present analysis, both FFM and fat mass were predictors of REE. It has been suggested that a contribution from FM to REE only becomes appreciable when relative FM increases above normal, 1,3,20 eg in obese women. It seems more likely that the effect, being relatively small, is more readily detected with the inclusion of individuals with a wide range of body fat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition and resting energy expenditure in humans: role of fat, fat-free mass and extracellular fluid

et al. 2000

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether there are independent effects of extracellular¯uid volume (ECF) and fat mass (FM) on resting energy expenditure (REE) relative to fat-free mass (FFM) in adult men and women. METHODS: Multiple linear regression analysis was used to relate REE, as determined by indirect calorimetry, to FFM and FM (measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and ECF (measured using bromide space andaor the radiosulfate washout space) in 153 women and 100 men with varying amounts of body fat. RESULTS: REE correlated signi®cantly with FFM and FM in women (r 0.65 and r 0.63, both P`0.001) and men (r 0.62 and r 0.48, both P`0.001, FFM and FM, respectively). In a multiple linear regression analysis FFM, FM and age signi®cantly contributed to the ability to predict REE in both genders. The models that were derived were not signi®cantly different between women and men. In women the contribution to REE from FM was easier to detect when FM was greater. Adjustment of FFM for ECF did not improve the relationship between FFM and REE. CONCLUSIONS: FFM, FM and age are signi®cant, independent predictors of REE in both men and women. Adjustment of FFM for ECF does not improve the ability of FFM to predict REE, which suggests that ECF is a highly integrated component of FFM in healthy adults. Expressing REE relative to FFM alone will introduce errors when lean and obese populations are compared.

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“…A substantial portion of the variance of BMR among individuals is explained by body size (including FFM), age, and sex (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Studies of families (6) and comparisons of mono-and dizygotic twins (9) suggest that BMR is at least in part genetically determined.…”

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confidence: 99%

Energy Expenditure in Obese and Nonobese Adolescents

1990

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ABSTRACT. We measured body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and total energy expenditure in 28 nonobese and 35 obese adolescents aged 12-18 y using indirect calorimetry and the doubly labeled water method. BMR was highly correlated with fat-free mass in both the nonobese and obese groups (r = 0.77 and 0.84, respectively). BMR adjusted for fat-free mass was significantly greater in males than females and in the obese subjects. Total energy expenditure was significantly greater in the obese than nonobese cohort but ratios of total energy expenditure/BMR were not significantly different in the two groups (1.79 f 0.2 versus 1.68 f 0.19, nonobese and obese males and 1.69 f 0.28 versus 1.74 +. 0.19 nonobese and obese females, respectively). These data indicate that BMR and total energy expenditure are not reduced in the already obese adolescent. Therefore, reduced energy expenditure cannot be responsible for the maintenance of obesity in adolescents. (Pediatr Res 27: 198-203, 1990) Abbreviations BMR, basal metabolic rate TEE, total daily energy expenditure TBW, total body water FFM, fat free mass IBW, ideal body weight FQ, food quotient RQ, respiratory quotient Studies comparing energy intake among obese and nonobese adolescents suggest that obese adolescents eat less or similar amounts of calories than their nonobese peers (1-3). These findings have been cited as evidence that one or more components of energy expenditure may be reduced in obese individuals, and that a reduction in TEE may contribute to the development or maintenance of obesity despite low energy intakes. Nonetheless, TEE has never been measured in free-living obese or nonobese adolescents to verify these hypothesis.Because BMR accounts for a substantial portion of daily energy expenditure, alterations in BMR may have a major impact on TEE. A substantial portion of the variance of BMR among individuals is explained by body size (including FFM), age, and sex (4-8). Studies of families (6) mono-and dizygotic twins (9) suggest that BMR is at least in part genetically determined. Reductions in BMR may enhance susceptibility to obesity in an environment that promotes food intake and inactivity.Early studies (10, 11) reported that BMR in obese children was greater than normal when expressed in absolute terms but lower than normal when expressed per kg of body wt. Comparative studies of children (12, 13) and adults (14-18) have failed to demonstrate reductions in BMR, except among obese subjects who have lost weight. Because FFM differs significantly between obese and nonobese adolescents and is highly correlated with BMR (4, 5), it is essential that comparative studies of BMR between obese and nonobese adolescents adjust for these differences in FFM.Recent studies by Ravussin et al. (18) and Roberts et al. (19) have suggested a significant relationship between TEE and wt gain. Similarly Roberts et al. (19) showed greater wt gain in normal infants with low TEE.To determine whether differences in energy expenditure exist after obesity develops...

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Prediction of the resting metabolic rate in obese patients

Cited by 174 publications

References 21 publications

Both thyroid hormone levels and resting metabolic rate decrease in African striped mice when food availability decreases

Both thyroid hormone levels and resting metabolic rate decrease in African striped mice when food availability decreases

Body composition and resting energy expenditure in humans: role of fat, fat-free mass and extracellular fluid

Energy Expenditure in Obese and Nonobese Adolescents

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